折に|おりに
On the occasion of; when (a chance arises). A formal, courteous way to refer to a particular occasion, such as a visit, at which something is done or hoped to be done.
This browser can't play pronunciations (needs Safari 18.4 or later, or Chrome / Edge / Firefox).
A formal expression typical of letters, speeches, business correspondence and polite conversation. It is most often used for occasions such as visits and meetings, frequently to express a hope or intention to do something then. Compared with 際に or に際して, it sounds softer and more courteous, and it is less tied to procedures, notices or major undertakings.
Note that 折に most often introduces pleasant opportunities, but it is not strictly limited to happy occasions.
Learners should avoid 折に in casual conversation, where it sounds stiff and overly formal.
Note that with nouns, 折に often takes an honorific prefix, as in ご来日の折に, to match its polite tone.
- に際してN2「に際して」 is used specifically at the start of important events such as meetings or graduations, and the following clause is typically a speech, an expression of thanks, or procedures; it attaches only to nouns or verbs in dictionary form, never the た form. It carries no nuance of 'seizing an opportunity,' so invitations like 「お越しの折には」 cannot be rewritten with it.
- 際にN3The two attach in the same way, and both are more formal than 「時に」. 「際に」 leans toward official/business use, appearing often in notices and procedural explanations, while 「折に」 is more elegant, carries a nuance of 'opportunity,' and is common in letters and speeches; in polite set phrases such as 「ご来日の折/際に」 the two can often be interchanged.
- にあたってN2「にあたって」 is used when facing an important occasion to give a speech, state a position, or explain the preparations being made, and the verb attaches only in dictionary form. 「折に」 broadly refers to some occasion or opportunity, can take the た form to describe what happened at the time, and is often used for invitations, so the two are generally not interchangeable.
- にあたりN2「にあたり」 mostly marks the occasion of arriving at or embarking on something, and is followed by speeches, preparations, explanations, and the like; it attaches directly to nouns without 「の」 and does not take the た form. To describe something that happened to occur at that time, or to invite someone to visit 'when you have a chance,' use 「折に」.
- たびにN3「たびに」 means 'every time..., always...' and requires the preceding action to be repeated; 「折に」 points to a particular occasion or moment, has no 'every time' meaning, and is more elegant and formal. 「たびに」 is neutral in register, does not attach to the た form, and the two are generally not interchangeable.
- 場合はN4「場合は」 sets up situations that may arise and is followed by countermeasures, rules, or outcomes, appearing mostly in notices and manuals; 「折に」 refers to an occasion or moment, has an elegant tone, and can describe a one-time past event, which 「場合は」 cannot. The two are generally not interchangeable.
際に and に際して also mean 'when/on the occasion of' but are more neutral or businesslike and suit procedures and notices, while にあたって and にあたり stress preparing for a significant undertaking. たびに means 'every time' and 場合は marks a hypothetical case, whereas 折に refers courteously to a particular occasion, often seen as an opportunity.


