How to say "accumulation" in Japanese

• 蓄積ちくせきJLPT N1approx.Common
  noun, suru verb, transitive verb, intransitive verbThe most versatile choice: accumulation of knowledge, experience, data, or wealth built up over time. Use it when something is stored up gradually and retained, as in accumulating information or expertise.
• 集積しゅうせきCommon
  noun, suru verb, transitive verb, intransitive verbAccumulation in the sense of things gathering or being collected in one place, such as goods, industries, or facilities concentrating in an area. It emphasizes gathering rather than layering or storing up.
  科学かがくは単たんに事実じじつと方法論ほうほうろんの集積しゅうせきでは決けっしてない。↗

  Science is far more than a collection of facts and methods.
• 堆積たいせきCommon
  noun, suru verb, transitive verb, intransitive verbCovers accumulation as physical piling up, matching its glosses 'pile' and 'heap'. Typical of sediment, dirt, snow, or debris settling and stacking layer upon layer; rarely used for abstract things.
• 累積るいせきCommon
  noun, suru verb, transitive verb, intransitive verbAccumulation as a running total, where amounts add up cumulatively. It suits totals, interest, deficits, or figures that build on previous amounts, stressing the sum of successive additions.
  アメリカ人あめりかじんが貿易ぼうえき赤字あかじを累積るいせきしたのは、限度げんどを超こえたぜいたくをしたからですよ。↗

  Americans accumulated their trade deficits by living far beyond their means.
• 積立つみたてCommon
  nounPrimarily means saving or putting money aside, with 'accumulation' only a secondary gloss. For financial accumulation it is the natural word, but for accumulating things in general it is seldom the word you want.

Choose by what is accumulating: 蓄積 for stockpiled knowledge or data, 集積 for things gathered in one place, 堆積 for physical piling, 累積 for cumulative growth, and 積立 for money set aside as savings.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

• 蓄積ちくせきaccumulation
• 集積しゅうせきaccumulation
• 堆積たいせきaccumulation
• 累積るいせきaccumulation
• 積立つみたてsaving
• 積み重ねつみかさねpile
• 滞留たいりゅうstagnation
• 停滞ていたいstagnation
• 貯留ちょりゅうaccumulation (e.g. of water)
• 鬱積うっせきaccumulation (of discontent, frustration, etc.)
• 滞積たいせきaccumulation
• 集簇しゅうぞくaggregation
• 沈着ちんちゃくdepositing (at the bottom)
• 内攻ないこうbecoming pent-up (of emotions)