贅沢|ぜいたくzeitaku[3]nakadaka (mid-high)
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- noun, na-adjectiveluxury; extravagance
- suru verbto live in luxury; to indulge oneself
- na-adjectivelavish (use of something); abundant; copious; wastefulusu. as 贅沢に
- na-adjective, nounexcessive (e.g. demands, expectations)
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 贅沢する(ぜいたくする) |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 贅沢します(ぜいたくします) |
| Negative (nai) | 贅沢しない(ぜいたくしない) |
| polite (masen) | 贅沢しません(ぜいたくしません) |
| classical zu / nu | 贅沢せず・贅沢せぬ(ぜいたくせず・ぜいたくせぬ) |
| Past (ta) | 贅沢した(ぜいたくした) |
| polite (mashita) | 贅沢しました(ぜいたくしました) |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 贅沢しなかった(ぜいたくしなかった) |
| polite (masen deshita) | 贅沢しませんでした(ぜいたくしませんでした) |
| Te form | 贅沢して(ぜいたくして) |
| Potential | 贅沢できる(ぜいたくできる) |
| Passive | 贅沢される(ぜいたくされる) |
| Causative | 贅沢させる(ぜいたくさせる) |
| Causative passive | 贅沢させられる(ぜいたくさせられる) |
| Conditional (ba) | 贅沢すれば(ぜいたくすれば) |
| tara | 贅沢したら(ぜいたくしたら) |
| Volitional | 贅沢しよう(ぜいたくしよう) |
| polite (mashou) | 贅沢しましょう(ぜいたくしましょう) |
| Imperative | 贅沢しろ(ぜいたくしろ) |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
- Synonym豪華ごうかNeutralDescribes gorgeous, sumptuous things and occasions, as in 「豪華な料理」; 「贅沢」 centres on spending beyond what is needed and can carry a critical tone.
- Synonym豪勢ごうせいNeutralSpending lavishly with a showy, grand air, as in 「豪勢な宴会」; 「贅沢」 can carry a critical tone.
- Synonym豪奢ごうしゃWrittenWritten/formal prose for lavish, showy extravagance; in everyday speech 「贅沢」 or 「豪華」 is what you'd say.
- Synonym奢侈しゃしWrittenWritten/formal prose for luxury and extravagance, as in 「奢侈品」; in daily conversation 「贅沢」 is the normal word.
- RelatedデラックスNeutralLoanword meaning deluxe or high-grade, common in product names; 「贅沢」 is the more everyday word.
- RelatedリッチNeutralLoanword for rich or affluent, also rich flavour, as in 「リッチな気分」; 「贅沢」 centres on spending.
- Related豪壮ごうそうWrittenWritten/formal prose for grandeur and magnificence, often of buildings; 「贅沢」 is about spending money.
- Related贅ぜいWrittenWritten/formal prose for the height of luxury, mostly in 「贅を尽くす」; rarely used on its own.
- Antonym質素しっそNeutralThe opposite of 「贅沢」 in spending: plain, simple and frugal.
- Antonym倹約けんやくNeutralThe opposite of 「贅沢」 in spending: thrift and economy, avoiding waste to save money.
- Antonym粗末そまつNeutralThe opposite of 「贅沢」 in quality: crude and shabby; also used for handling things carelessly.
For spending beyond what is necessary, 「贅沢」 is the default. Use 「豪華」 for gorgeous things and occasions, 「豪勢」 for lavish, showy spending, and 「デラックス」 in product names; 「リッチ」 is a loanword for rich or rich-tasting. The written words 「豪奢」「奢侈」「豪壮」「贅」 are rare in speech. Opposites: 「質素」 and 「倹約」 on spending, 「粗末」 on quality.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only


