How to say "collaboration" in Japanese

Choosing the right word
  • 協力きょうりょくJLPT N3approx.Common
    noun, suru verb, intransitive verbCooperation in the sense of helping or pitching in: people or groups contribute effort and support toward a shared goal. Choose this when 'collaboration' essentially means working together or lending a hand.
    I appreciate your cooperation.
  • 連携れんけいCommon
    noun, suru verb, intransitive verbCooperation as coordination or alignment between separate organizations or groups — linking up their activities rather than merging efforts. Think of 'collaboration' between institutions, agencies, or teams that each stay distinct.
  • 共同きょうどうJLPT N3approx.Common
    noun (prefix), suru verb, intransitive verb, no-adjectiveSomething undertaken jointly by two or more parties: it frames the activity, venture, or arrangement itself as shared, covering senses from working together to partnership.
    私わたしたちはその店みせを共同きょうどうで経営けいえいしている。↗
    We run the store jointly.
  • noun, suru verb, intransitive verbThe loanword, used for 'collabs' in creative and commercial fields: a musician, artist, brand, or company teams up with another to produce or release something together.
  • 合作がっさくCommon
    noun, suru verb, transitive verbA joint work: it names a piece — a picture, film, story, or the like — created jointly by two or more people, rather than the act of cooperating generally.

Use 協力 for cooperating or helping toward a shared goal, 連携 for coordination between organizations, 共同 for undertaking something jointly, 「コラボレーション」 for creative or commercial 'collabs', and 合作 for a jointly produced work.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese equivalents
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JLPT vocabulary levels are community estimates, not official (no official lists have been published since the 2010 revision).

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