How to say "crime" in Japanese

Choosing the right word
  • 罪つみJLPT N3approx.Common
    na-adjective, no-adjectiveThe broadest of these words, covering crime, sin and wrongdoing alike. Use it when the point is guilt or blame rather than a specific offence, as in admitting one's guilt or paying for one's crimes.
    ビルはその罪つみを犯おかしていなかった。↗
    Bill did not commit the crime.
  • 犯罪はんざいJLPT N3approx.Common
    nounThe ordinary word for crime as a legal concept — an act forbidden by law. It is the default choice for talking about crime rates, prevention, or crime in general, and covers offences of any kind.
    War is a crime against humanity.
  • 罪悪ざいあくCommon
    nounFrames crime as evil or vice rather than as a legal category. It suits moral condemnation — calling something a crime against humanity, or speaking of the wickedness of an act — more than neutral police or legal contexts.
    大都会だいとかいには罪悪ざいあくがはびこっている。↗
    There is much crime in the big cities.
  • 犯行はんこうCommon
    nounRefers to a criminal act as a concrete deed — the committing of a specific offence. It is the word for an act under investigation: the perpetrator of a crime, evidence left at the scene, or a confessed act.
    彼かれは犯行はんこうに及およんだと信しんじられていた。↗
    He was believed to have committed the crime.
  • 悪事あくじCommon
    nounMeans evil deeds or wrongdoing, with a moral rather than legal flavour. It is used for a course of wicked behaviour — committing evil deeds, or being made to pay for one's misdeeds — not for crime as a legal category.
    他人たにんの悪事あくじを引き合ひきあいに出だして自分じぶんの悪事あくじの言い訳いいわけをすることはできない。↗
    Two wrongs don't make a right.

For 'crime' in the sense of a legal offence, 犯罪 is the everyday word; 犯行 narrows this to a specific criminal act; for wrongdoing or guilt more broadly, 罪 is the general term, while 罪悪 and 悪事 lean toward moral evil and wicked deeds rather than lawbreaking.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese equivalents
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JLPT vocabulary levels are community estimates, not official (no official lists have been published since the 2010 revision).

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