犯罪|はんざいhanzai[0]heiban (flat)

1. nouncrime; offence; offense
   戦争せんそうは人類じんるいに対たいする犯罪はんざいだ。↗

   War is a crime against humanity.

• Synonym犯行はんこうNeutralThe concrete act of committing a crime, as in 「犯行時刻」; 「犯罪」 is the general legal concept.
• Synonym罪つみNeutralBroader than 「犯罪」: wrongdoing in law or morals, and it can also mean sin in the religious sense.
• Synonym罪科ざいかWrittenA written word for an offence and the punishment it brings; rare — 「罪」 is the usual word.
• Synonym事犯じはんWrittenWritten term from police and legal usage for a case in which a law has been broken, as in 「選挙違反事犯」.
• Related違反いはんNeutralBreaking rules or laws, from minor to serious, as in 「交通違反」 or 「選挙違反」; 「犯罪」 refers specifically to acts punishable by penal law.
• Related侵害しんがいNeutralInfringing on someone's rights or interests, as in 「人権侵害」; not necessarily a criminal offence.
• Related反則はんそくNeutralBreaking the rules of a game or a minor infraction, as in 「反則金」; milder than 「犯罪」.
• Related不法行為ふほうこういWrittenA formal legal term for a tort under civil law; such an act is not necessarily a criminal offence.
• Related悪行あくぎょうWrittenA written word for wicked deeds; judged morally, such acts are not necessarily illegal.
• Related凶行きょうこうWrittenA written word for brutal violence such as murder; narrower in scope than 「犯罪」.
• Related違背いはいWrittenA written word for defying orders or promises; rare today — 「違反」 is the usual term.
• Related罪過ざいかWrittenA written word for fault or wrongdoing, with a strong moral coloring.
• Related悪業あくごうWrittenThe same word as 「悪行」 above (variant 「悪業」): wicked deeds judged morally; 「犯罪」 is strictly a legal term.
• RelatedとがWrittenA fault deserving blame, as in 「咎めを受ける」; carries an archaic flavor.
• Antonym善行ぜんこうWrittenA written word for good deeds; the moral opposite of 「犯罪」.

Use 「犯罪」 for crime as a legal concept. For a specific criminal act say 「犯行」; for rule or law violations 「違反」 or 「反則」; for moral or religious wrongdoing 「罪」; for brutal crimes like murder 「凶行」. 「不法行為」 and 「侵害」 are civil wrongs, not necessarily crimes; 「罪科」 and 「違背」 are rare written words.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. 法律ほうりつよって禁止きんしされ、それに反はんして行おこなうと、その実行じっこう者しゃが、公権力こうけんりょくにより刑罰けいばつを課かせられる行為こうい。