及ぶ|およぶoyobu[0]heiban (flat)
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Definitions
- godan verb, intransitive verbto reach; to amount to; to befall; to happen to; to extend; to go on (for, until)
- godan verb, intransitive verbto be up to the task; to come up to
- godan verb, intransitive verbto compare with; to be a match (for)
- godan verb, intransitive verbto resort (to an act)
- godan verb, intransitive verbto require (to do)usu. used in the negative
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 及ぶ（およぶ） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 及びます（およびます） |
| Negative (nai) | 及ばない（およばない） |
| polite (masen) | 及びません（およびません） |
| classical zu / nu | 及ばず・及ばぬ（およばず・およばぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 及んだ（およんだ） |
| polite (mashita) | 及びました（およびました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 及ばなかった（およばなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 及びませんでした（およびませんでした） |
| Te form | 及んで（およんで） |
| Potential | 及べる（およべる） |
| Passive | 及ばれる（およばれる） |
| Causative | 及ばせる（およばせる） |
| Causative passive | 及ばせられる・及ばされる（およばせられる・およばされる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 及べば（およべば） |
| tara | 及んだら（およんだら） |
| Volitional | 及ぼう（およぼう） |
| polite (mashou) | 及びましょう（およびましょう） |
| Imperative | 及べ（およべ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Transitive / intransitive pair
損害が及ぶ
及ぶ focuses on the extent or reach of an effect (as with 損害が及ぶ), while 及ぼす highlights the act of exerting or causing that effect (as with 損害を及ぼす).
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym至るいたるWrittenArrives at a place or a result (「結論に至る」「今に至る」); written/formal, while 「及ぶ」 focuses on influence or scope spreading.
- Synonym到達とうたつNeutralA noun for reaching a destination or goal (「目標に到達する」); the emphasis is on finally arriving.
- Synonym達するたっするWrittenReaches a numerical value or degree (「目標額に達する」); written/formal, with the focus on quantity.
- Synonym届くとどくNeutralCovers delivery and physically reaching something (「手が届く」「荷物が届く」); common in everyday speech.
- Related広がるひろがるNeutralSpreads or gets around (「噂が広がる」); the point is an area or scope growing larger.
- Related伸びるのびるNeutralStretches or grows longer (「記録が伸びる」); the point is length or figures increasing.
- Related匹敵ひってきWrittenA noun for being a match for or equal to someone (「プロに匹敵する腕前」); written/formal.
- Related続くつづくNeutralMeans to continue (「雨が続く」); stresses being unbroken and does not express spreading or reaching.
- Related伸展しんてんWrittenWritten/formal word for the expansion of influence or scale; rare.
- Related比肩ひけんWrittenWritten/formal word for ranking equal with someone (「巨匠に比肩する」); mostly used in evaluation.
- Related肩を並べるかたをならべるNeutralA set phrase for being on a par with, or standing side by side (「大手と肩を並べる」).
- Related敵うかなうNeutralMeans to be a match for, usually in the negative (「彼には敵わない」); common in speech.
Use 「及ぶ」 when influence or scope spreads or a quantity reaches a level (「被害が全国に及ぶ」); its negative 「〜に及ばない」 means 'cannot compare'. For arriving at a result, use 「至る」; for hitting a numerical target, 「達する」. The others cover delivery, spreading, growth or matching.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
