How to say "deduction" in Japanese

• 控除こうじょJLPT N1approx.Common
  noun, suru verb, transitive verbThe money sense: an amount subtracted, especially in tax matters — the deduction you see on a pay slip or tax form, not the drawing of conclusions.
  税務署ぜいむしょは控除こうじょを認みとめた。↗

  The tax agent allowed the deduction.
• 推理すいりJLPT N1approx.Common
  noun, suru verb, transitive verbDeduction in the logical sense: reasoning your way to a conclusion from evidence or clues — the detective's deduction, or working out what must be true.
• 推論すいろんCommon
  suru verb, transitive verb, no-adjectiveInference as logic treats it: the process or result of concluding from premises; with induction also among its senses, it names reasoned inference generally, in discussion and argument.
  言語げんごがどのように始はじまったのかについてはいくつも推論すいろんはあるが、実じつはだれもあまり知しらない。↗

  There are many guesses about how language began, but the fact is that no one really knows.
• 差し引きさしひきJLPT N2approx.Common
  noun, suru verb, transitive verbPlain subtraction and its result: an amount taken off a total, or the balance that remains. Suits talking through figures — what is left after the deductions — in ordinary calculation.

For money taken off, use 控除 in tax contexts or 「差し引き」 for plain subtraction and net balances; for the logical sense, 推理 is reasoning out a conclusion from clues, while 推論 is inference as such.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

• 控除こうじょsubtraction
• 推理すいりreasoning
• 推論すいろんinference
• 差し引きさしひきdeduction
• ディダクションdeduction
• デダクションdeduction
• 演繹えんえきdeductive reasoning
• 推断すいだんinference
• 窺知きちinference
• 控除額こうじょがくamount deducted (from)
• 演繹法えんえきほう(method of) deduction