始まる|はじまるhajimaru[0]heiban (flat)

JLPT N5approx.Common
Definitions
  1. godan verb, intransitive verbto begin; to start; to commence
    その試合しあいは何時いつに始はじまりますか。↗
    What time does the game start?
  2. godan verb, intransitive verbto happen (again); to begin (anew)
  3. godan verb, intransitive verbto date (from); to originate (in)
Conjugation
Dictionary form始まる(はじまる)
Polite (masu)始まります(はじまります)
Negative (nai)始まらない(はじまらない)
polite (masen)始まりません(はじまりません)
classical zu / nu始まらず・始まらぬ(はじまらず・はじまらぬ)
Past (ta)始まった(はじまった)
polite (mashita)始まりました(はじまりました)
Past negative (nakatta)始まらなかった(はじまらなかった)
polite (masen deshita)始まりませんでした(はじまりませんでした)
Te form始まって(はじまって)
Potential始まれる(はじまれる)
Passive始まられる(はじまられる)
Causative始まらせる(はじまらせる)
Causative passive始まらせられる・始まらされる(はじまらせられる・はじまらされる)
Conditional (ba)始まれば(はじまれば)
tara始まったら(はじまったら)
Volitional始まろう(はじまろう)
polite (mashou)始まりましょう(はじまりましょう)
Imperative始まれ(はじまれ)

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Transitive / intransitive pair
intransitive始まるはじまる⇄transitive始めるはじめる
授業じゅぎょうが始はじまる
始まる with が presents the start of an event as occurring on its own, while 始める with を marks that someone deliberately initiates it.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Synonyms & antonyms
  • Synonym開始かいしNeutralSino-Japanese word for the start of activities and services, as in 「受付開始」; more formal than 「始まる」.
  • SynonymスタートNeutralLoanword meaning to start or kick off, common in casual speech, as in 「新生活がスタートする」.
  • Related始めるはじめるNeutralTransitive: a person starts something, as in 「授業を始める」. 「始まる」 is intransitive: 「授業が始まる」.
  • Related取り掛かるとりかかるNeutralTo set about a task, as in 「作業に取り掛かる」; the subject is a person.
  • Related仕掛けるしかけるNeutralTo actively initiate or set something up, as in 「罠を仕掛ける」; carries intent.
  • Relatedし始めるしはじめるNeutralTransitive in feel: someone begins doing something. 「始まる」 is intransitive and says the event itself starts.
  • RelatedしだすNeutralSays someone starts doing something; also means to cater, i.e. make and deliver food — a sense unrelated to 「始まる」.
  • RelatedやりだすCasualColloquial: to set about doing something; the subject is a person.
  • RelatedおっぱじめるCasualSlang for starting something with gusto; rough in tone, as in 「さあ、おっぱじめよう」 or 「喧嘩をおっ始める」.
  • Relatedやり始めるやりはじめるNeutralTo start doing something; more neutral than 「やり出す」.
  • Related仕掛かるしかかるNeutralTo set about something, or to have started but not yet finished it; the subject is a person, while 「始まる」 says the event itself begins.
  • Antonym終わるおわるNeutralAntonym of 「始まる」: to end or come to a close.
  • Antonym終了するWrittenAntonym of 「始まる」: to end formally; common in broadcasts and competitions.

Use 「始まる」 by default for events that begin; use 「始める」 when a person starts doing something. 「開始」 suits formal contexts, 「取り掛かる」 getting down to a task, and 「スタート」 a casual kick-off.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. 新あらたに物事ものごとが行おこなわれるようになる。
  2. 休やすんでいた状態じょうたいから実際じっさいに行おこなわれる状況じょうきょうになる。開始かいし点てんとして画かくされる。
  3. (「はじまった」の形かたちで)よくみられる言動げんどうが起おこる。いつものくせが出でる。
  4. (否定ひてい表現ひょうげん「はじまらない」、「はじまらぬ」などの形かたちで)変化へんかが生しょうじない。問題もんだいが解決かいけつしない。しかたがない。むだである。
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also

JLPT vocabulary levels are community estimates, not official (no official lists have been published since the 2010 revision).

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