推論|すいろんsuiron[0]heiban (flat)

1. suru verb, transitive verb, no-adjectiveinference; deduction; induction; reasoning
   言語げんごがどのように始はじまったのかについてはいくつも推論すいろんはあるが、実じつはだれもあまり知しらない。↗

   There are many guesses about how language began, but the fact is that no one really knows.

• Synonym推測すいそくNeutralGuessing from what you know, without strict logical steps; more casual than 「推論」 and the most common everyday word.
• Synonym推定すいていWrittenMostly written: concludes a fact from circumstances or estimates a figure; common for dates and causes of death, and a legal term. 「推論」 stresses the process.
• Synonym推理すいりNeutralVery close to 「推論」, but also names the detective-fiction genre; everyday talk of solving cases by reasoning usually uses 「推理」.
• Synonym推量すいりょうWrittenBroad conjecture about uncertain matters; also a grammar term for conjectural expressions. Leans strongly toward written prose.
• Synonym推察すいさつFormalFormal: mostly for reading someone's feelings or situation, as in the honorific 「ご推察」; can also mean inferring from facts but, unlike 「推論」, not stressing logical steps.
• Synonym推し量るおしはかるWrittenA native-Japanese verb for surmising another's feelings or a situation; gentle in tone, free of strict logic, and with a written flavor.
• Synonym推考すいこうWrittenA rare, written word for speculative thinking, seldom seen today; use 「推測」 instead in everyday contexts.
• Synonym推断すいだんWrittenA written word: draws a judgment from given information; it stresses reaching a conclusion, more result-oriented and less about the process than 「推論」.
• Related割り出すわりだすNeutralVerb: derives a specific answer by calculation or from clues, e.g. identifying a culprit or computing costs; the result is quite concrete.
• Related決め込むきめこむNeutralVerb: assumes something arbitrarily, without deliberation, with a negative nuance; it can also mean to pose as something — the opposite of logical 「推論」.
• Related想像そうぞうNeutralImagines things one has never seen, purely in the mind; requires no factual basis and is far freer than 「推論」.
• Related予断よだんWrittenA written word for judging an outcome ahead of time, as in 「予断を許さない」; it focuses on where things are heading and leaves aside how the judgment was reasoned out.
• Related見当けんとうNeutralA rough estimate or lead, as in 「見当がつく」 and 「見当違い」; rougher and more colloquial than 「推論」.
• Related目算もくさんWrittenA written word: a rough estimate made by eye, or a calculation in one's head; it involves no logical argument.
• Related仮定かていNeutralSets a premise provisionally, true or not; it is the starting point of an inference, not the process of deriving one.
• Related想定そうていNeutralAssumes in advance situations that might arise; common in planning, disaster preparedness and business, with the focus on preset scenarios.
• Related予測よそくNeutralSpecifically conjectures about future conditions, such as weather or sales; 「推論」 is not limited to the future.
• Related仮説かせつWrittenA written word: a hypothesis put forward to explain phenomena and still awaiting verification; a tentative conclusion, not an act of reasoning.
• Related計り知るはかりしるWrittenA written verb, used mostly in the negative 「計り知れない」 meaning beyond measure; the affirmative form is rare.
• Antonym直感ちょっかんNeutralGrasps things in an instant by feel, without reasoning — the opposite of 「推論」, which proceeds step by step by logic.

Use 「推論」 for logical derivation from facts; 「推理」 is nearly interchangeable and also names the detective genre. For everyday guessing choose 「推測」, for predicting the future 「予測」, for reading someone's feelings 「推察」, and for pre-assumed scenarios 「想定」. 「推定」 concludes a fact or figure (legal use), 「推断」 stresses the conclusion, 「割り出す」 yields a concrete answer, and 「仮定」/「仮説」 are premises or tentative theories rather than the act of reasoning. 「直感」 is the opposite: instant grasp by feel.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. ある事実じじつをもとに未知みちの事柄ことがらを推し量おしはかること。