How to say "deviation" in Japanese

• 偏りかたよりCommon
  nounDeviation as unevenness or skew: a distribution or balance leaning to one side. Also covering bias and offset, it fits data or amounts that are out of balance.
• 逸脱いつだつCommon
  noun, suru verb, intransitive verbDeviation as departure: straying from a rule, norm, standard, or expected behavior. Use it when someone or something goes outside what is prescribed, not for statistical unevenness.
• 乖離かいりCommon
  noun, suru verb, intransitive verbDeviation as divergence: a gap between two things that have drifted apart, such as ideals and reality. A formal or literary term rather than a neutral, all-purpose 'deviation'.
• 偏差値へんさちCommon
  nounNot a general translation of 'deviation': it is the statistical deviation value, a score scaled to a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10, used for academic grades.
  たまには偏差値へんさちの高たかい人ひととレベルの高たかい会話かいわしてみたい。↗

  I like to have a deep conversation with a more academic person from time to time.
• 誤差ごさJLPT N1approx.Common
  nounDeviation in measurement: the discrepancy or gap between a measured or actual value and the true or expected one, as in margins of error. Choose it for numerical error, not behavior.

Choose by sense: 「偏り」 for skew or imbalance, 逸脱 for straying from a rule or norm, 乖離 (formal) for a gap between two things, 偏差値 only for the scaled academic score, and 誤差 for measurement error.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

• 偏りかたよりdeviation
• 逸脱いつだつdeviation
• 乖離かいりdivergence
• 偏差値へんさちdeviation value (usu. scaled to mean of 50, standard deviation of 10, and often used for academic grades)
• 偏差へんさdeflection
• 偏倚へんいdeviation
• 誤差ごさdiscrepancy
• 脱線だっせんdigression
• ぶれdeviation
• 狂いくるいirregularity