住|じゅうjuu[1]atamadaka (head-high)

1. noundwelling; living

• Synonym居住きょじゅうNeutralThe act of living somewhere, as in 「居住地」; statistically leans written, while 「住」 mostly appears in compounds like 「衣食住」.
• Synonym住宅じゅうたくNeutralA house or housing, as in 「住宅街」 and 「住宅ローン」; points to the building itself, where 「住」 is about the fact of living.
• Synonym住居じゅうきょNeutralWritten-leaning word for a dwelling, as in 「住居を構える」; stresses the place one lives, but can also cover the life of living there.
• Synonym家屋かおくWrittenWritten term for a house as a building; common in tax and disaster statistics, areas where 「住」 never refers to the structure.
• Synonym居留きょりゅうFormalFormal; living somewhere temporarily, or residing in a foreign settlement, as in 「居留地」; stresses the temporary stay, where 「住」 is neutral about duration.
• Synonym宅たくWrittenWritten; a home or house, mostly in compounds like 「帰宅」; can also serve as a humble way to refer to one's own home.
• Synonym居宅きょたくWrittenFormal term for the house one lives in day to day; much used in nursing care, as in 「居宅介護」.
• Synonym住家じゅうかWrittenWritten word for an occupied house; rarely seen in practice — in daily speech say 「住宅」 or 「住まい」.
• Related邸宅ていたくFormalFormal word for a large, stately residence, as in 「大邸宅」; implies size and grandeur, which 「住」 says nothing about.
• Related住まいすまいNeutralOne's home, as in 「お住まい」; carries a lived-in, everyday feel and is more conversational than 「住」.
• Related自宅じたくNeutralOne's own home, as in 「自宅待機」; only ever the person's own residence, never living in general.
• Related住所じゅうしょNeutralAn address, as in 「住所を変更する」; centers on the address information rather than the dwelling.
• Related家宅かたくWrittenWritten term for a home or premises, mostly in legal contexts like 「家宅捜索」; not used in everyday speech.
• Related屋敷やしきNeutralA mansion or spacious estate, as in 「武家屋敷」; implies a large, well-off household, while 「住」 does not refer to a specific house.
• Relatedお宅おたくFormalHonorific for the other person's home, as in 「お宅に伺う」; never used of one's own home.
• Related住処すみかNeutralA place where one lives or lodges; also an animal's nest or den, as in 「鳥の住処」.
• Related屋おくWrittenRead 「おく」, it means roof and appears only in a few set phrases; not used on its own today, and unlike 「住」 it has no sense of dwelling.
• Related邸ていNeutralAs 「邸」 it likewise means a stately home; the home of a modern figure can be styled 「○○邸」; 「住」 centers on living, not the estate itself.
• RelatedんちCasualColloquial; attaches to a name to mean that person's place; only for casual conversation.

「住」 mostly appears inside compounds like 「衣食住」 and 「住環境」 rather than on its own. To speak of living somewhere use 「居住」; for a house or housing, 「住宅」; for one's home, 「住まい」; for an address, 「住所」. The rest are narrower: 「自宅」 is your own home and 「お宅」 the listener's, 「住処」 can be an animal's lair, 「邸宅」 and 「屋敷」 are grand residences, and 「居留」 is temporary residence.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. 高温こうおんのものを水みずなど、冷つめたいものに浸ひたすときの音おと。また、そのようにして蒸発じょうはつする音おと。[1768年ねん～]