余す・剰す|あますamasu[2]nakadaka (mid-high)

Common
Which spelling to use
余す余す(あます) is the most common written form and the recommended choice for beginners writing this word.
剰す剰す(あます) is a less common written form; learners should generally choose 余す(あます) instead.
Definitions
  1. godan verb, transitive verbto save; to leave over; to spare
    彼かれは、旅券りょけんを余あまそうとした。↗
    He tried to save something from his travel expenses.
Conjugation
Dictionary form余す(あます)
Polite (masu)余します(あまします)
Negative (nai)余さない(あまさない)
polite (masen)余しません(あましません)
classical zu / nu余さず・余さぬ(あまさず・あまさぬ)
Past (ta)余した(あました)
polite (mashita)余しました(あましました)
Past negative (nakatta)余さなかった(あまさなかった)
polite (masen deshita)余しませんでした(あましませんでした)
Te form余して(あまして)
Potential余せる(あませる)
Passive余される(あまされる)
Causative余させる(あまさせる)
Causative passive余させられる(あまさせられる)
Conditional (ba)余せば(あませば)
tara余したら(あましたら)
Volitional余そう(あまそう)
polite (mashou)余しましょう(あましましょう)
Imperative余せ(あませ)

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Transitive / intransitive pair
transitive余すあます⇄intransitive余るあまる
時間じかんを余あます
余る describes a surplus or remainder as a state (e.g., 時間が余る 'time is left over'), while 余す focuses on the act of leaving something unused or having more than needed (e.g., 時間を余す 'have time to spare').

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. 余あまらせる。残のこす。
  2. ある限度げんどに達たっするまでの余地よちを残のこす。
  3. 相手あいての攻せめに対たいして持ち堪もちこたえる。
Kanji in this word
English equivalents

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