免|めんmen[1]atamadaka (head-high)

1. noundismissal; discharge

• Synonym解任かいにんWrittenWritten style: removing someone from a post, as in 「委員を解任する」. 「免」 is rarely used alone, appearing mostly in 「御免」 and 「免職」.
• Synonym解雇かいこNeutralThe everyday word for a company firing an employee, as in 「不当解雇」; the most common of this group. 「免」 sounds old-fashioned and bookish by comparison.
• Synonym免職めんしょくWrittenWritten style: dismissal of a civil servant from office, as in 「懲戒免職」. More common than 「免」, which is mostly a word element.
• Synonym罷免ひめんWrittenWritten style: removing an elected or high-ranking official from their post, as in 「大臣を罷免する」.
• Synonym解職かいしょくWrittenWritten style: dismissal from a post; rare, and close to 「免職」 in meaning, with an official-document flavor.
• Synonym免官めんかんWrittenWritten style: stripping someone of an official government post; an old-fashioned term — today one would say 「免職」.
• Synonym馘首かくしゅWrittenWritten style: firing someone; originally meant beheading, so it carries a strong, harsh color and is seldom used today.
• Related首切りくびきりCasualColloquial: corporate layoffs; originally meant beheading, and it keeps a cold, ruthless feel, as in 「首切り」.
• Relatedお役御免おやくごめんCasualColloquial, with a playful tone: being relieved of a post or duty, or a thing being retired as no longer of use.
• Relatedお払い箱おはらいばこCasualColloquial: being cast aside — a person dismissed or a thing thrown out — as in 「お払い箱になる」.
• RelatedいとまWrittenOld-fashioned: leaving a post or taking one's leave, as in 「お暇する」; in modern usage it rarely means dismissal.

To fire an employee, 「解雇」 is the usual word (colloquially 「首」); a civil servant is 「免職」, a senior official 「罷免」, removal from a post 「解任」. 「免」 is mostly a word element or old word, as in 「お役御免」. 「解職」 and 「免官」 are rare or dated; 「馘首」 is harsh and rare. Colloquially: 「首切り」 layoffs, 「お役御免」 playfully relieved of a duty, 「お払い箱」 cast aside; 「暇」 is an old word for resigning or taking leave.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. 仕事しごとをやめさせること。職しょくを失うしなわせること。