免許|めんきょmenkyo[1]atamadaka (head-high)
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Definitions
- noun, suru verb, transitive verblicense; licence; permission; permit; certificate
- noundriver's license
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 免許する（めんきょする） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 免許します（めんきょします） |
| Negative (nai) | 免許しない（めんきょしない） |
| polite (masen) | 免許しません（めんきょしません） |
| classical zu / nu | 免許せず・免許せぬ（めんきょせず・めんきょせぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 免許した（めんきょした） |
| polite (mashita) | 免許しました（めんきょしました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 免許しなかった（めんきょしなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 免許しませんでした（めんきょしませんでした） |
| Te form | 免許して（めんきょして） |
| Potential | 免許できる（めんきょできる） |
| Passive | 免許される（めんきょされる） |
| Causative | 免許させる（めんきょさせる） |
| Causative passive | 免許させられる（めんきょさせられる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 免許すれば（めんきょすれば） |
| tara | 免許したら（めんきょしたら） |
| Volitional | 免許しよう（めんきょしよう） |
| polite (mashou) | 免許しましょう（めんきょしましょう） |
| Imperative | 免許しろ（めんきょしろ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym認可にんかWrittenFormal approval by an authority of an application, e.g. to set up a school or company; 「免許」 lets an individual do what is normally banned, like driving or medicine.
- Synonym許可きょかNeutralThe broadest word for allowing something, official or not, e.g. 「入室許可」; 「免許」 is official permission for a restricted activity, or a master passing on an art's secrets.
- Synonym承認しょうにんNeutralAccepting something as legitimate and agreeing to it, as in 「議会の承認」; 「免許」 permits restricted activities like driving or medicine.
- Synonym免状めんじょうNeutralThe paper itself — a licence or certificate, also a diploma; 「免許」 can mean the qualification or the licence.
- Synonym免許証めんきょしょうNeutralThe document proving you hold a licence, especially the driver's licence card; in speech 「免許」 also often means the driver's licence itself.
- SynonymライセンスNeutralA loanword for licences and for licensing of trademarks or copyrights; 「免許」 leans towards state-issued qualifications.
- Synonym公許こうきょWrittenWritten and rare: the government's formal permission. Say 「許可」 or 「免許」 in everyday speech.
- Synonym允許いんきょWrittenWritten and rare: permission. Say 「許可」 in everyday speech.
- Synonym免許状めんきょじょうNeutralThe document certifying a licence, as in 「教員免許状」; 「免許」 is broader.
- Synonym認可証にんかしょうWrittenA certificate issued once approval is granted; 「免許」 is a licence qualification.
- Synonym認許にんきょWrittenWritten and rare: approval or endorsement. Say 「認可」 or 「許可」 in everyday speech.
- Related公認こうにんNeutralFormal recognition by the state or an organization, as in 「公認記録」 or 「公認候補」; 「免許」 is a licence qualification.
- Related認定にんていNeutralCertifying a qualification or fact after review, as in 「認定試験」; 「免許」 centres on lifting a ban and letting someone practise.
- Related認証にんしょうNeutralOfficial confirmation and proof, also identity verification online; 「免許」 is permission to engage in a restricted activity.
- Related授権じゅけんWrittenWritten legal term for granting authority; 「免許」 is permission to engage in a restricted activity.
- Relatedお墨付きおすみつきNeutralBacking or approval from an authority, as in 「専門家のお墨付き」; 「免許」 is an official licence, or a master’s certifying that a pupil has received a school’s secrets.
- Related認定証にんていしょうWrittenA certificate issued after a qualification is certified; 「免許」 is a licence qualification.
- RelatedオーソライズNeutralA loanword for formal approval or credit-card authorization, mostly in business; say 「承認」 in everyday speech.
Use 「免許」 for professional qualifications such as a driver's or medical licence, and 「免許証」 for the card or document itself. For general permission say 「許可」; for approval by an authority of an application, 「認可」; for certifying a qualification after review, 「認定」; and for an authority figure's personal endorsement, 「お墨付き」. The other words are mostly written, rare, or field-specific.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also
