勤務|きんむkinmu[1]atamadaka (head-high)
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Definitions
- noun, suru verb, intransitive verbservice; duty; work
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 勤務する（きんむする） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 勤務します（きんむします） |
| Negative (nai) | 勤務しない（きんむしない） |
| polite (masen) | 勤務しません（きんむしません） |
| classical zu / nu | 勤務せず・勤務せぬ（きんむせず・きんむせぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 勤務した（きんむした） |
| polite (mashita) | 勤務しました（きんむしました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 勤務しなかった（きんむしなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 勤務しませんでした（きんむしませんでした） |
| Te form | 勤務して（きんむして） |
| Potential | 勤務できる（きんむできる） |
| Passive | 勤務される（きんむされる） |
| Causative | 勤務させる（きんむさせる） |
| Causative passive | 勤務させられる（きんむさせられる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 勤務すれば（きんむすれば） |
| tara | 勤務したら（きんむしたら） |
| Volitional | 勤務しよう（きんむしよう） |
| polite (mashou) | 勤務しましょう（きんむしましょう） |
| Imperative | 勤務しろ（きんむしろ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym勤めつとめNeutralNoun for one's job or duties, common in everyday speech as 「お勤め」; 「勤務」 is more formal and centers on being on duty at the workplace.
- Synonym就労しゅうろうWrittenWritten term for being employed or hired, as in 「就労ビザ」; legal and administrative flavor.
- Synonym労務ろうむWrittenWritten term for paid labor and for labor-management affairs, as in 「労務管理」; business and legal usage, while 「勤務」 is about being on duty.
- Synonym勤めるつとめるNeutralVerb for being employed at an organization, as in 「会社に勤める」; common in daily speech.
- Synonym働くはたらくNeutralVerb for working or laboring; the broadest of these words and common in speech.
- Related労働ろうどうNeutralNoun for physical or mental labor; an economic and social term, as in 「労働時間」.
- Related勤労きんろうWrittenWritten term for working for pay, as in 「勤労者」 and 「勤労感謝の日」; sometimes carries a nuance of diligent effort.
- Related役務えきむWrittenWritten term for labor services provided to others; leans legal and economic.
- Related仕えるつかえるWrittenVerb for serving a master or lord; old-fashioned, centered on personal attendance.
- Related奉仕ほうしNeutralNoun for serving or devoting oneself, often without pay, as in 「社会奉仕」; also selling at a discount. 「勤務」 is holding a job at a workplace.
- Related奉公ほうこうWrittenWritten term for the old practice of living in a master's household as a servant or apprentice; carries a period flavor.
- Related仕え奉るつかえまつるFormalHumble language for serving a lord with reverence; archaic and rarely used today.
- Related仕るつかまつるFormalHumble language for doing something or attending someone; archaic, as in 「失礼仕った」.
- Related出仕しゅっしWrittenWritten term for serving in government office or reporting for duty; still used for shrine posts but rare in prose. 「勤務」 is ordinary going to work.
- Antonym休暇きゅうかNeutralNoun for vacation or time off; the opposite of being on duty as 「勤務」.
Use 「勤務」 for being on duty at a workplace, as in 「勤務時間」 or 「夜勤」. Say 「勤める」 for working at a company, 「労働」 or 「働く」 for labor, 「就労」 for employment, and 「奉仕」 for unpaid service; 「休暇」 is time off.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also
