十分・充分|じゅうぶんjuubun[3]nakadaka (mid-high)

JLPT N4approx.Common
Which spelling to use
十分十分(じゅうぶん) is the more common written form and the recommended choice for beginners; use it as the usual spelling.
充分充分(じゅうぶん) is a less common kanji-only variant that uses kanji for their sound rather than their meaning; beginners should generally choose 十分(じゅうぶん) instead.
Definitions
  1. na-adjectiveenough; sufficient; plenty; adequate; satisfactory
    私はこの本ほんを買かうのに十分じゅうぶんなお金かねを持もっている。↗
    I have enough money to buy this book.
  2. adverbsufficiently; fully; thoroughly; well; perfectly
    「もっと召し上めしあがりますか」「いいえ、じゅうぶんいただきました」↗
    "Would you like any more?" "No, I've had enough."
  3. noun, suru verb, transitive verbdivision into ten
Conjugation
Dictionary form十分する(じゅうぶんする)
Polite (masu)十分します(じゅうぶんします)
Negative (nai)十分しない(じゅうぶんしない)
polite (masen)十分しません(じゅうぶんしません)
classical zu / nu十分せず・十分せぬ(じゅうぶんせず・じゅうぶんせぬ)
Past (ta)十分した(じゅうぶんした)
polite (mashita)十分しました(じゅうぶんしました)
Past negative (nakatta)十分しなかった(じゅうぶんしなかった)
polite (masen deshita)十分しませんでした(じゅうぶんしませんでした)
Te form十分して(じゅうぶんして)
Potential十分できる(じゅうぶんできる)
Passive十分される(じゅうぶんされる)
Causative十分させる(じゅうぶんさせる)
Causative passive十分させられる(じゅうぶんさせられる)
Conditional (ba)十分すれば(じゅうぶんすれば)
tara十分したら(じゅうぶんしたら)
Volitional十分しよう(じゅうぶんしよう)
polite (mashou)十分しましょう(じゅうぶんしましょう)
Imperative十分しろ(じゅうぶんしろ)

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Synonyms & antonyms
  • SynonymたくさんCasualColloquial word for a large amount or for having enough, as in 「もうたくさんだ」; 十分 stresses being sufficient with nothing lacking.
  • Synonym満足まんぞくNeutralNeutral; means being content or satisfied, and in the negative 「満足に〜ない」 it means not doing something properly.
  • Related豊富ほうふWrittenRichness in variety or amount, as in 「経験豊富」; carries a positive nuance that plain 「十分」 lacks.
  • Related潤沢じゅんたくWrittenAmple funds or supplies, as in 「潤沢な資金」; leans toward written prose.
  • RelatedふんだんCasualColloquial; describes using something lavishly and without stinting, as in 「ふんだんに使う」.
  • Antonym不十分ふじゅうぶんNeutralNeutral antonym of 十分: insufficient or inadequate, falling short of what is needed, as in 「準備が不十分だ」.
  • Antonym不足ふそくNeutralNeutral antonym of 十分 meaning a shortage or lack, as in 「人手不足」.

Default to 「十分」 for enough or sufficient. Use 「たくさん」 for large amounts, 「豊富」 for richness, 「潤沢」 for ample funds, 「ふんだん」 for lavish use, 「満足」 for satisfaction; for not enough say 「不十分」 or 「不足」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. 不足ふそくしている、欠かけているところのない様さま。
  2. 不足ふそくや欠かけるところなく。
  3. (じゅうぶん)十じゅう個こに等分とうぶんしたもの。
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also

JLPT vocabulary levels are community estimates, not official (no official lists have been published since the 2010 revision).

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