豊か・豊|ゆたかyutaka[1]atamadaka (head-high)
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Which spelling to use
豊か豊か is the more common form and the recommended choice for beginners; use it when writing this word.
豊豊 is a less common kanji-only variant with irregular okurigana; learners will encounter it less often and need not choose it by default.
Definitions
- na-adjective, suffixabundant; plentiful; rich; ample
- na-adjectiverich; wealthy; affluent; well-off
- na-adjectiveopen (mind); relaxed; easy
- na-adjectiveplump (e.g. breasts); full; ample
- suffix, na-adjective(well) over; (easily) in excess of
Conjugation
| Plain form | 豊か（ゆたか） |
|---|---|
| Polite (desu) | 豊かです（ゆたかです） |
| Negative (dewa nai) | 豊かではない（ゆたかではない） |
| polite (dewa arimasen) | 豊かではありません（ゆたかではありません） |
| Past (datta) | 豊かだった（ゆたかだった） |
| Past negative (dewa nakatta) | 豊かではなかった（ゆたかではなかった） |
| Te form (de) | 豊かで（ゆたかで） |
| Adverbial (ni) | 豊かに（ゆたかに） |
| Conditional (nara) | 豊かなら（ゆたかなら） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym豊富ほうふNeutralRefers to large quantity or variety, as in 「経験が豊富」. 豊か also covers affluent living and a rich inner life.
- Synonym潤沢じゅんたくWrittenWritten/formal prose. Describes ample funds or resources, as in 「潤沢な資金」.
- Synonym豊饒ほうじょうWrittenWritten/formal prose. Fertile land and abundant produce, also used figuratively for rich content.
- Synonym裕福ゆうふくNeutralNeutral. Wealthy in the economic sense — a well-off household. 豊か also describes rich nature and emotions.
- SynonymリッチNeutralNeutral loanword with a casual feel: wealthy or luxurious, also rich-tasting food and flavors.
- Synonym富裕ふゆうWrittenWritten/formal prose. Wealthy households, as in 「富裕層」.
- Synonym豊潤ほうじゅんWrittenWritten/formal prose. Rich and mellow, mainly for flavors and colors, as in 「豊潤な香り」.
- Synonym富饒ふじょうWrittenWritten/formal prose and rare. Abundant produce or riches; ordinary usage prefers 豊か.
- Related十分じゅうぶんNeutralNeutral. Enough or sufficient — meeting a need. 豊か stresses abundance, having more than enough.
- RelatedたくさんCasualColloquial. Simply 'a lot' in daily speech, as in 「沢山ある」; can also mean 'that's enough' or being fed up.
- Related大量たいりょうNeutralNeutral and objective: sheer volume, as in 「大量生産」; no nuance of richness or plenty.
- Related膨大ぼうだいWrittenWritten/formal prose. Enormous in quantity or scale, as in 「膨大な資料」.
- Related多量たりょうWrittenWritten/formal prose. A large amount, mostly in medical or chemical contexts, as in 「多量の出血」.
- Related豊沃ほうよくWrittenWritten/formal prose but rarely used. Fertile land; in ordinary speech say 「肥沃」.
- Related肥沃ひよくNeutralNeutral. Fertile soil — limited to land. 豊か applies far more widely, to wealth, nature and feelings.
- RelatedふんだんNeutralUsually adverbial, 「ふんだんに」: using something lavishly without stinting, as in 「食材をふんだんに使う」.
- RelatedあまたWrittenWritten/formal prose with an archaic flavor: countless, as in 「数多の困難」.
- Antonym貧ひんWrittenAntonym to 豊か in its wealth sense: poverty and want. Mostly seen in compounds; written/formal.
Use 「豊か」 by default for abundance, affluence or a rich inner life. For quantity and variety choose 「豊富」; for a wealthy household 「裕福」; for ample funds 「潤沢」; for fertile land 「肥沃」. 「リッチ」 is a casual loanword for luxury or rich flavors, 「ふんだんに」 for using something lavishly, 「沢山」 the colloquial 'a lot', 「十分」 for enough, 「大量」 for sheer volume, 「膨大」 for vast scale. The rest — 「豊饒」「豊潤」「豊沃」「富饒」「多量」「数多」 — are written or literary. 「貧」 is the antonym for poverty.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also
