反乱・叛乱|はんらんhanran[0]heiban (flat)

JLPT N1approx.Common
Which spelling to use
反乱反乱 is the more common written form and the recommended choice for beginners. It is written entirely in kanji.
叛乱叛乱 is a less common written form of 反乱. It is an alternative spelling, but beginners should choose 反乱 instead.
Definitions
  1. noun, suru verb, intransitive verbinsurrection; mutiny; rebellion; revolt; uprising
    The troops easily put down the rebellion.
Conjugation
Dictionary form反乱する(はんらんする)
Polite (masu)反乱します(はんらんします)
Negative (nai)反乱しない(はんらんしない)
polite (masen)反乱しません(はんらんしません)
classical zu / nu反乱せず・反乱せぬ(はんらんせず・はんらんせぬ)
Past (ta)反乱した(はんらんした)
polite (mashita)反乱しました(はんらんしました)
Past negative (nakatta)反乱しなかった(はんらんしなかった)
polite (masen deshita)反乱しませんでした(はんらんしませんでした)
Te form反乱して(はんらんして)
Potential反乱できる(はんらんできる)
Passive反乱される(はんらんされる)
Causative反乱させる(はんらんさせる)
Causative passive反乱させられる(はんらんさせられる)
Conditional (ba)反乱すれば(はんらんすれば)
tara反乱したら(はんらんしたら)
Volitional反乱しよう(はんらんしよう)
polite (mashou)反乱しましょう(はんらんしましょう)
Imperative反乱しろ(はんらんしろ)

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Synonyms & antonyms
  • Synonym反逆はんぎゃくNeutralBetrayal of one's lord or country, as in 「反逆罪」「反逆児」; stresses the act of treachery, while 「反乱」 stresses taking up arms in revolt.
  • Synonym謀反むほんNeutralRising in armed revolt, as in 「謀反を起こす」; mostly used of plots and uprisings in Japanese history.
  • Synonym造反ぞうはんNeutralDefying an organization's leadership or the establishment, as in 「党内の造反」; unlike 「反乱」, it does not necessarily mean taking up arms.
  • Related反抗はんこうNeutralDisobeying or defying authority, as in 「親に反抗する」, by individuals or groups alike; the focus is on refusing to obey, while 「反乱」 centres on rising up in revolt.
  • Related乱逆らんぎゃくWrittenWritten prose for rebellion and insubordination, now rare; in everyday speech use 「反乱」.
  • Antonym服従ふくじゅうNeutralObedience to another's orders or will, as in 「命令に服従する」; the opposite of 「反乱」.
  • Antonym恭順きょうじゅんFormalFormal word for respectful submission, as in 「恭順の意を示す」; the direct opposite of 「反乱」.

Use 「反乱」 for armed revolt against a ruler (「反乱軍」「反乱を鎮める」). Betrayal is 「反逆」, historical revolts 「謀反」, defying one's organization 「造反」, disobedience 「反抗」; 「乱逆」 is rare written prose. Opposites: 「服従」 and formal 「恭順」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. 支配者しはいしゃに反抗はんこうして乱らんを起おこすこと。
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also

JLPT vocabulary levels are community estimates, not official (no official lists have been published since the 2010 revision).

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