反逆・叛逆|はんぎゃくhangyaku[0]heiban (flat)
This browser can't play pronunciations (needs Safari 18.4 or later, or Chrome / Edge / Firefox).
Which spelling to use
反逆反逆 is the most common and standard spelling. Use it as the default form when writing this word.
叛逆叛逆 is a rarely used kanji variant of 反逆. You will seldom encounter it, so recognize it but generally choose 反逆 instead.
Definitions
- noun, suru verb, intransitive verbtreason; treachery; mutiny; rebellion; insurrection
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 反逆する（はんぎゃくする） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 反逆します（はんぎゃくします） |
| Negative (nai) | 反逆しない（はんぎゃくしない） |
| polite (masen) | 反逆しません（はんぎゃくしません） |
| classical zu / nu | 反逆せず・反逆せぬ（はんぎゃくせず・はんぎゃくせぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 反逆した（はんぎゃくした） |
| polite (mashita) | 反逆しました（はんぎゃくしました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 反逆しなかった（はんぎゃくしなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 反逆しませんでした（はんぎゃくしませんでした） |
| Te form | 反逆して（はんぎゃくして） |
| Potential | 反逆できる（はんぎゃくできる） |
| Passive | 反逆される（はんぎゃくされる） |
| Causative | 反逆させる（はんぎゃくさせる） |
| Causative passive | 反逆させられる（はんぎゃくさせられる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 反逆すれば（はんぎゃくすれば） |
| tara | 反逆したら（はんぎゃくしたら） |
| Volitional | 反逆しよう（はんぎゃくしよう） |
| polite (mashou) | 反逆しましょう（はんぎゃくしましょう） |
| Imperative | 反逆しろ（はんぎゃくしろ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym反乱はんらんNeutralA mass armed uprising; the emphasis is on the revolt itself, while 「反逆」 stresses the act of betraying one's lord or the state. Neutral register.
- Synonym造反ぞうはんNeutralOpposing the policies of a system or an organization's leadership, often in politics or within a party, as in 「造反議員」; not necessarily treason. Neutral register.
- Synonym反するはんするNeutralA verb: to violate or run counter to something, as in 「規則に反する」; usually about rules or expectations, not necessarily rebellion. Neutral register.
- Synonym反発はんぱつNeutralResisting or rejecting what someone says or does, also a physical rebound; the stress is on refusal to accept, with no sense of betrayal. Neutral register.
- Related反抗はんこうNeutralDefying and refusing to obey elders, authority or power, as in 「反抗期」 or 「権力への反抗」; it does not necessarily imply betrayal or rebellion. Neutral register.
- Related裏切りうらぎりCasualBetraying someone who trusts you — a friend, comrade or organization. A common colloquial word, whereas 「反逆」 targets a government or one's lord.
- Related背信はいしんNeutralBreaking faith and betraying trust, as in 「背信行為」; frequent in legal and business contexts. About breach of trust, not overthrowing a government. Neutral.
- Related背反はいはんWrittenViolating orders or norms; can also mean betraying or defying a ruler, and has a sense of mutual contradiction as in 「二律背反」. Written/formal prose, rare in daily speech.
- Related悪逆あくぎゃくWrittenWicked deeds that violate human morality; in ancient law codes, grave crimes such as assaulting or killing one's parents or elders. Highly literary, seldom used today.
- Related異心いしんWrittenA heart plotting treachery or betrayal; stresses inner intent rather than action. An old-fashioned word, mostly seen in historical fiction. Written/formal prose.
- Related内応ないおうWrittenSecret collusion with the enemy, aiding them from within; 「反逆」 broadly means betraying one's lord or a government, not limited to such dealings. Written/formal prose.
- Related内通ないつうWrittenSecret communication with the enemy, or a clandestine affair; stresses the secret contact, while 「反逆」 is betraying a government or lord itself. Written/formal prose.
- Related返り忠かえりちゅうWrittenBetraying one's lord and defecting to the enemy; a historical term common in Sengoku-era tales. Not used today — say 「寝返り」 instead. Written/formal prose.
- Related逆心ぎゃくしんWrittenA heart plotting rebellion against one's lord; stresses the intent rather than any action. Archaic and rarely used today. Written/formal prose.
- Related裏切り行為うらぎりこういNeutralA concrete act of betraying someone who trusts you; the target need not be a lord or a government. More everyday than 「反逆」. Neutral register.
- Related背信行為はいしんこういNeutralActs of bad faith, such as breaking promises or neglecting duties; a legal and business term with no sense of rebellion or overthrowing a government. Neutral.
- Antonym服従ふくじゅうNeutralObediently following others' commands or will; broader in use. The antonym of 「反逆」 with its defiance and rebellion. Neutral register.
- Antonym恭順きょうじゅんWrittenRespectfully obeying orders; written/formal prose. The antonym of 「反逆」, betraying or rebelling against one's lord.
Use 「反逆」 for betraying or rebelling against one's lord or a government, as in 「反逆罪」. For an armed uprising say 「反乱」; for defying authority, 「反抗」; for betraying a friend or ally, the everyday 「裏切り」. 「造反」 covers opposing one's party or leadership, 「背信」 breach of trust in legal or business settings, and 「反する」 going against rules or expectations. 「異心」「逆心」「返り忠」 are archaic words for treacherous intent or defecting, found in historical fiction, while 「恭順」 and 「服従」 are the opposites: submission and obedience.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also
