固有|こゆうkoyuu[0]heiban (flat)

1. no-adjective, na-adjectivecharacteristic (of); peculiar (to); inherent (in); endemic; unique (to); native (to); intrinsic
   羽はねは鳥とりに固有こゆうのものだ。↗

   Feathers are peculiar to birds.
2. noun (prefix), math, physicseigen-

• Synonym独特どくとくNeutralPoints to what is unlike anything else, as in 「独特な味」; the contrast is with other things, while 「固有」 stresses what something has had from the start.
• Synonym特有とくゆうNeutralMeans only that thing has it, as in 「日本特有の文化」; it stresses exclusivity, while 「固有」 stresses what was there from the start.
• Synonym独自どくじNeutralCovers doing or creating something on one's own, as in 「独自の方法」; the stress is on one's own way, not on an inherent trait.
• Synonym内在的ないざいてきWrittenWritten word for what lies within something, as in 「内在的な要因」; it is the counterpart of what is external, not of what is shared.
• Synonym特異的とくいてきWrittenWritten word for specific or peculiar reactions, as in 「特異的反応」; used mostly in medicine and biology.
• Synonym特徴的とくちょうてきNeutralDescribes what stands out as a feature, as in 「特徴的な声」; it flags something noticeable rather than something inherent.
• Related本質的ほんしつてきWrittenWritten-style word for what is essential, as in 「本質的な問題」; it points to touching the core of things, not to what belongs to one thing alone.
• Related根本的こんぽんてきWrittenWritten word for fundamental, as in 「根本的な解決」; it points to tackling things at the root, not to what belongs to one thing.
• Related生得的せいとくてきWrittenWritten word for innate, inborn traits; found mainly in psychology and philosophy, not everyday talk.
• Related本有的ほんゆうてきWrittenWritten word meaning originally possessed; rare even in formal prose.
• Antonym共有きょうゆうNeutralMeans joint ownership or sharing; not a direct antonym of 「固有」, just a related idea of holding something together.
• Antonym共通きょうつうNeutralMeans common or shared by all parties; the true opposite of 「固有」, which is about what belongs to one thing alone.

Use 「固有」 for what something has had from the start and belongs to it alone, as in 「固有種」 or 「日本固有の領土」. For being unlike others say 「独特」, for being found only there 「特有」, for one's own approach 「独自」; the opposite is 「共通」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. 元もとから備そなわっていること。
2. そのものだけが持もっている特徴とくちょう。特有とくゆう。