基準・規準|きじゅんkijun[0]heiban (flat)

1. nounstandard; criterion; norm; benchmark; measure; gauge; basis
   あいての基準きじゅんを受け入うけいれるのは、そのあいての力ちからに服従ふくじゅうすることだ。↗

   Accepting the other's norms is submitting to the other's power.

• Synonym物差しものさしNeutralA yardstick for measuring or judging, common in speech (「自分の物差しで測る」); unlike 基準 it can also mean a physical ruler.
• Synonym規範きはんWrittenWritten/formal prose. Norms of behavior one is expected to follow (「社会規範」), with moral or ethical overtones; 基準 is a neutral yardstick for judgment.
• Synonym標準ひょうじゅんNeutralThe prevailing or model standard (「標準語」「標準的」); 基準 stresses the basis for judging, while 標準 points to the accepted level itself.
• Synonym規格きかくNeutralSpecifications for products and materials (「規格外」「JIS規格」); by extension a general standard, but tied to specs rather than judgment.
• Synonym目安めやすNeutralA rough guide or approximate target (「一日の目安」); carries the nuance of a rough estimate, looser than 基準.
• SynonymスタンダードNeutralLoanword for a standard or a classic (「スタンダードな型」); it can also mean a standard tune, a sense 基準 does not have.
• Synonym尺度しゃくどNeutralA scale or measure for evaluation (「評価の尺度」); leans written and abstract, where 基準 is everyday neutral.
• Synonym準則じゅんそくWrittenWritten/formal prose. Guidelines or rules to follow, found mostly in legal documents; rare in everyday speech.
• Synonym縄墨じょうぼくWrittenWritten/formal prose. A norm or standard, originally the inked line carpenters use; very rare.
• Synonym規矩きくWrittenWritten/formal prose. Rules or standards, originally compass and square; rare.
• Synonym準縄じゅんじょうWrittenWritten/formal prose. A criterion to hold to (「法律を準縄とする」); rare.
• Synonym法のりWrittenWritten/formal prose. Read 「のり」, it means law or norm with an archaic flavor; rare in modern usage.
• Related決まりきまりNeutralRules to keep (「学校の決まり」); everyday and colloquial, covering school or house rules rather than criteria for judgment.
• Related規定きていNeutralStipulated provisions (「規定に従う」); used for regulations and competition rules — set clauses, not a yardstick for judging.
• Related規則きそくNeutralRules as binding provisions (「交通規則」); the emphasis is on rules that must be obeyed, not on a basis for judgment.
• Related条例じょうれいNeutralLocal ordinances (「条例を制定する」); typically enacted by local governments — a legal use 基準 doesn't have.
• Related規律きりつNeutralDiscipline and order (「規律正しい」); stresses the order of a group or community, not a standard for judging.
• Related法令ほうれいNeutralA collective term for laws and ordinances (「法令遵守」); legal register, covering statutes and orders.
• RelatedルールNeutralLoanword for rules (「ルールを守る」「暗黙のルール」); colloquial and everyday, including unwritten rules.
• Related規制きせいNeutralControl or restriction (「規制緩和」); the point is restraining activity, not providing a yardstick.
• Related参考さんこうNeutralA reference to consult (「参考にする」); purely for guidance, with no binding force — unlike a criterion you judge by.
• RelatedレベルNeutralLoanword for level (「レベルが高い」); the focus is on how high or low something ranks, while 基準 is the basis you judge by.
• Related水準すいじゅんNeutralThe level reached (「生活水準」); measures the degree attained, e.g. living standards, rather than a basis for judgment.
• Related程度ていどNeutralDegree or extent (「ある程度」); concerns how large, deep or strong something is, not a standard to judge by.
• Related基軸きじくWrittenWritten/formal prose. The core or pivot (「外交の基軸」); stresses a central policy line rather than a criterion.
• Related定めさだめWrittenWritten/formal prose. Provisions or agreements (「定めに従う」); can also mean fate or destiny, which 基準 never does.
• Related法のりWrittenWritten/formal prose. Read 「のり」, it means law or norm with an archaic flavor; rare in modern usage.

Use 「基準」 for the basis on which you judge or evaluate (「判断基準」「安全基準」). For the prevailing or model standard pick 「標準」, for product specifications 「規格」, for a rough guide 「目安」, and for a yardstick of judgment 「物差し」 or 「尺度」. For rules to obey, choose 「規則」, colloquial 「ルール」 or 「決まり」. 「規範」 covers behavioral norms, 「規定」 set provisions, 「規律」 group discipline, 「水準」「レベル」「程度」 levels and degrees, and 「参考」 a non-binding reference. 「準則」「縄墨」「規矩」「準縄」「法」「基軸」「定め」 are written or rare.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. 基礎きそになる標準ひょうじゅん。