失する|しっするshissuru[4]odaka (tail-high)

Common
Definitions
  1. suru verb (irregular), transitive verbto lose; to miss; to forget; to be excessive
Conjugation
Dictionary form失する(しっする)
Polite (masu)失します(しっします)
Negative (nai)失しない(しっしない)
polite (masen)失しません(しっしません)
classical zu / nu失せず・失せぬ(しっせず・しっせぬ)
Past (ta)失した(しっした)
polite (mashita)失しました(しっしました)
Past negative (nakatta)失しなかった(しっしなかった)
polite (masen deshita)失しませんでした(しっしませんでした)
Te form失して(しっして)
Potential失できる(しっできる)
Passive失される(しっされる)
Causative失させる(しっさせる)
Causative passive失させられる(しっさせられる)
Conditional (ba)失すれば(しっすれば)
tara失したら(しっしたら)
Volitional失しよう(しっしよう)
polite (mashou)失しましょう(しっしましょう)
Imperative失しろ(しっしろ)

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Synonyms & antonyms
  • Synonym失ううしなうNeutralThe everyday, most common word for losing — objects, loved ones, chances. Unlike 「失する」 it also takes concrete nouns and has no 'excessive' use like 「〜に失する」.
  • SynonymなくすNeutralEveryday and colloquial: to lose something or make it cease to exist. Works for objects and for things like 「自信をなくす」, but lacks the 'excessive' sense of 「失する」.
  • Synonym喪失そうしつWrittenWritten word for losing abilities, rights, qualifications and the like, as in 「記憶喪失」「自信喪失」, rather than the set phrases where 「失する」 appears.
  • Synonym逸するいっするWrittenWritten word for missing a chance or straying off the normal track, as in 「常軌を逸する」. It stresses missed moments and going beyond usual bounds.
  • Related紛失ふんしつWrittenWritten word for losing a physical item so that it cannot be found, as in 「財布を紛失する」. Not used for abstract loss or excess.
  • Related逃すのがすNeutralNeutral word for letting a chance or prey slip away, as in 「チャンスを逃す」. It stresses missing out, not the set-phrase uses of 「失する」.
  • Related遺失いしつFormalFormal, chiefly legal: losing money or valuables, as in the lost-property report 「遺失物届」.
  • Related忘失ぼうしつWrittenRare written word for forgetting something completely. Found almost only in formal prose, not in speech.
  • Antonym得るうるWrittenWritten antonym: to obtain or gain something, the opposite of losing it with 「失する」.
  • Antonym獲得するWrittenWritten antonym: to acquire something through effort, the opposite of the loss expressed by 「失する」.

「失する」 is mostly confined to set phrases: losing something one ought to have, as in 「礼を失する」「機を失する」, or the pattern 「〜に失する」 meaning 'too ~', as in 「寛大に失する」「遅きに失する」. For ordinary loss of abstract things say 「失う」, for losing objects 「無くす」, for a missed chance 「逃す」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. 〔抽象ちゅうしょう名詞めいしを、特とくにあるべきものや望のぞましいものを目的語もくてきごにして〕うしなう。
  2. 度どが過すぎて失敗しっぱいする。〔「~に失しっする」の形かたちで〕~過すぎる。~過すぎて失敗しっぱいする。
Kanji in this word
English equivalents

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