山積|さんせきsanseki[0]heiban (flat)
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- noun, suru verb, intransitive verbpiling up; accumulating; forming a (huge) pile; lying in piles
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 山積する(さんせきする) |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 山積します(さんせきします) |
| Negative (nai) | 山積しない(さんせきしない) |
| polite (masen) | 山積しません(さんせきしません) |
| classical zu / nu | 山積せず・山積せぬ(さんせきせず・さんせきせぬ) |
| Past (ta) | 山積した(さんせきした) |
| polite (mashita) | 山積しました(さんせきしました) |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 山積しなかった(さんせきしなかった) |
| polite (masen deshita) | 山積しませんでした(さんせきしませんでした) |
| Te form | 山積して(さんせきして) |
| Potential | 山積できる(さんせきできる) |
| Passive | 山積される(さんせきされる) |
| Causative | 山積させる(さんせきさせる) |
| Causative passive | 山積させられる(さんせきさせられる) |
| Conditional (ba) | 山積すれば(さんせきすれば) |
| tara | 山積したら(さんせきしたら) |
| Volitional | 山積しよう(さんせきしよう) |
| polite (mashou) | 山積しましょう(さんせきしましょう) |
| Imperative | 山積しろ(さんせきしろ) |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
- Synonym山積みやまづみCasualColloquial native-Japanese word; means piling up in heaps, also problems piling up — synonymous with 「山積」 and more common in speech.
- Synonym積もるつもるNeutralNative verb for snow piling up or things accumulating; can also mean to estimate.
- Synonym積み重なるつみかさなるNeutralVerb for stacking up layer on layer; stresses things piling up one on top of another.
- Synonym堆積たいせきWrittenWritten/formal word for piling up high, also for sediment of earth and sand; can cover abstract accumulation too.
- RelatedたまるNeutralVerb for things building up or being stored away, as in 「ストレスが溜まる」; stresses accumulation rather than a visible pile.
- Related集積しゅうせきNeutralGathering and piling up in one place, as in 「産業集積」; stresses things collecting at a single spot.
- Related蓄積ちくせきNeutralStoring up, gradual accumulation, as in 「疲労の蓄積」; stresses building up little by little.
- Related集まるあつまるNeutralVerb for people or things gathering or assembling; stresses coming together rather than piling up.
- Related積もり積もるつもりつもるNeutralVerb meaning to pile up more and more, as in 「積もり積もった不満」; stresses accumulating day after day.
- Antonym皆無かいむNeutralAntonym: none at all, completely absent — the opposite of piling up in heaps.
- Antonym減少げんしょうNeutralAntonym: decrease or decline — the opposite of 「山積」, where problems keep growing in number.
Use 「山積」 for problems or work piling up, as in 「課題が山積している」; it leans written. In speech prefer 「山積み」. For gradual accumulation choose 「蓄積」, for things gathering in one place 「集積」. 「皆無」 is the antonym, meaning none at all.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only


