山積み|やまづみyamazumi[0]heiban (flat)

1. noun, suru verb, transitive verb, intransitive verbhuge mound; heap; pile
   この２日間かかん皿洗さらあらいする時間じかんもないよ。キッチンの流ながしに山積やまづみしているよ。↗

   I haven't had time to do the dishes for two days; they are in a pile in the kitchen sink.

• Synonym山積さんせきWrittenWritten Sino-Japanese word, typically for problems or tasks piling up, as in 「課題が山積する」; 「山積み」 is the more colloquial choice.
• Synonym山盛りやまもりNeutralFood heaped high into a mound, in a bowl or on a plate, as in 「ご飯を山盛りにする」; 「山積み」 is for things piled up like a mountain.
• Synonym積もるつもるNeutralSnow, dust and the like settling and building up, or worries accumulating; 「山積み」 stresses a large pile of things or problems.
• Synonym積み重なるつみかさなるNeutralIntransitive: stacking up layer by layer and gradually accumulating; 「山積み」 emphasizes being heaped high.
• Synonym堆積たいせきWrittenWritten word for piling up high, also sedimentation of earth and sand, as in 「堆積岩」; more formal than 「山積み」.
• Related積み重ねるつみかさねるNeutralStacking things layer by layer, or figuratively building up experience and effort; 「山積み」 stresses being piled full.
• Related積み上げるつみあげるNeutralPiling things up high, or building up achievements; 「山積み」 stresses a quantity heaped as high as a mountain.
• RelatedたまるNeutralAccumulating or piling up unattended, as in 「仕事が溜まる」; 「山積み」 emphasizes being heaped up high.
• Related重ねるかさねるNeutralPlacing things on top of one another or repeating, as in 「経験を重ねる」; 「山積み」 stresses piling up in large amounts.
• Related集積しゅうせきWrittenWritten word for gathering and accumulating, as in 「集積回路」; 「山積み」 stresses being heaped high and plentiful.
• Related蓄積ちくせきWrittenWritten word for gradual accumulation or storage, as in 「疲労の蓄積」「知識の蓄積」; 「山積み」 stresses a large heaped-up quantity.
• Related積むつむNeutralStacking or loading things, and figuratively gaining experience, as in 「経験を積む」; 「山積み」 is specifically a mountain-high, plentiful heap.
• Related積もり積もるつもりつもるNeutralPiling up more and more over time, often of grievances or words, as in 「積もり積もった不満」.
• Antonym皆無かいむWrittenWritten word for being completely nonexistent; the opposite of the mountainous abundance of 「山積み」.
• Antonym僅少きんしょうWrittenWritten word for a very small amount; the opposite of the large heaped-up quantity of 「山積み」.

Use 「山積み」 for things or problems piled up like a mountain, as in 「書類が山積み」「問題が山積みだ」; in formal prose use 「山積」. For work or tasks piling up unattended say 「溜まる」, and for food heaped into a mound say 「山盛り」. The other verbs describe the act of stacking or accumulating rather than the heaped-up state.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. 高たかく積み重つみかさねること。また、積み重つみかさなること。
2. 問題もんだいなどが、多おおくたまること。