自由|じゆうjiyuu[2]nakadaka (mid-high)

JLPT N4approx.Common
Definitions
  1. noun, na-adjectivefreedom; liberty
    お金かねを使つかうも貯ためるも自由じゆうにしなさい。↗
    You may spend or save at will.
Conjugation
Plain form自由(じゆう)
Polite (desu)自由です(じゆうです)
Negative (dewa nai)自由ではない(じゆうではない)
polite (dewa arimasen)自由ではありません(じゆうではありません)
Past (datta)自由だった(じゆうだった)
Past negative (dewa nakatta)自由ではなかった(じゆうではなかった)
Te form (de)自由で(じゆうで)
Adverbial (ni)自由に(じゆうに)
Conditional (nara)自由なら(じゆうなら)

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Synonyms & antonyms
  • SynonymフリーNeutralLoanword for free in the sense of unrestrained, or free of charge, as in 「フリーランス」 and 「入場フリー」.
  • SynonymフリーダムCasualColloquial loanword for freedom and being unrestrained; sometimes used teasingly of someone who is too free-and-easy. 「自由」 is the ordinary word.
  • SynonymリバティWrittenLoanword for liberty as a political right; rarely used in daily life.
  • Synonym随意ずいいWrittenAs you like, at your own discretion, as in 「ご随意に」; leans toward written or formal usage.
  • Related自主的じしゅてきWrittenDoing something on your own initiative, without others urging you on, as in 「自主的に勉強する」.
  • Related主体的しゅたいてきWrittenActing proactively with yourself as the agent; common in education and work settings. 「自由」 stresses being free from restraint.
  • Related気ままきままCasualDoing as you please, free and unrestrained, as in 「気ままな一人旅」.
  • Related自治じちWrittenManaging or governing yourself, as in 「地方自治」; mostly used in politics.
  • Related自主じしゅNeutralMaking your own decisions free of outside interference, as in 「自主性」.
  • Related自立じりつNeutralBeing independent economically or in daily life, as in 「親から自立する」.
  • Related任意にんいWrittenFree to choose and not compulsory, as in 「任意参加」.
  • Related自律じりつWrittenSelf-discipline and self-restraint, as in 「自律心」; the focus is on keeping yourself in check.
  • Antonym不自由ふじゆうNeutralAntonym of 「自由」: inconvenience or being restricted; also covers physical disability.
  • Antonym束縛そくばくWrittenAntonym of 「自由」: binding or restricting what a person can do.
  • Antonym拘束こうそくNeutralAntonym of 「自由」: restraint or constraint; also used for detention.
  • Antonym制限せいげんNeutralAntonym of 「自由」: setting limits and imposing restrictions.

Default to 「自由」 for freedom in general. Use 「自主的」 for acting on your own initiative, 「自立」 for being independent in life, 「気まま」 for doing as you please, 「任意」 for what is optional, and 「フリー」 for free of charge or freelance. Being restricted is 「不自由」 or 「束縛」; the rest cover narrower senses.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. 他ほかのものから拘束こうそく・支配しはいを受うけないで、そのもののあるがままにあること。きまま。
  2. 制限せいげんなく自分じぶんの思おもう通とおりになること。
  3. 自由じゆうである状態じょうたい。きままだ。
  4. 任意にんいであるさま。
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also

JLPT vocabulary levels are community estimates, not official (no official lists have been published since the 2010 revision).

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