恨む・怨む|うらむuramu[2]nakadaka (mid-high)
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Which spelling to use
恨む恨む is the more common kanji-kana spelling of this verb and is the form learners are most likely to encounter.
怨む怨む is a less common kanji-kana spelling of this verb; it represents a variant written form of 恨む.
Definitions
- godan verb, transitive verbto bear a grudge against; to resent; to blame; to curse; to feel bitter towards彼は彼女を恨んでいる。↗He hates her.
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 恨む（うらむ） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 恨みます（うらみます） |
| Negative (nai) | 恨まない（うらまない） |
| polite (masen) | 恨みません（うらみません） |
| classical zu / nu | 恨まず・恨まぬ（うらまず・うらまぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 恨んだ（うらんだ） |
| polite (mashita) | 恨みました（うらみました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 恨まなかった（うらまなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 恨みませんでした（うらみませんでした） |
| Te form | 恨んで（うらんで） |
| Potential | 恨める（うらめる） |
| Passive | 恨まれる（うらまれる） |
| Causative | 恨ませる（うらませる） |
| Causative passive | 恨ませられる・恨まされる（うらませられる・うらまされる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 恨めば（うらめば） |
| tara | 恨んだら（うらんだら） |
| Volitional | 恨もう（うらもう） |
| polite (mashou) | 恨みましょう（うらみましょう） |
| Imperative | 恨め（うらめ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- Related憎むにくむNeutralHates or detests someone outright, with the emphasis on the other person being hateful; 「恨む」 stresses nursing resentment over harm done to you.
- Related嫌悪けんおWrittenA noun, mainly in written or formal prose, for strong loathing or revulsion, as in 「自己嫌悪」; it is intense dislike rather than a grudge.
- Related毛嫌いけぎらいNeutralA noun for disliking someone or something without real grounds — a prejudice like 「食わず嫌い」; 「恨む」, by contrast, arises from being wronged.
- Antonym許すゆるすNeutralTo forgive or pardon someone; the opposite of 「恨む」, which means keeping that resentment in your heart.
- Antonym感謝するNeutralTo feel grateful and express thanks — the opposite of 「恨む」, which is holding a grudge.
Use 「恨む」 to nurse a grudge over harm done to you. For hating or detesting someone, use 「憎む」; for dislike with no real reason, 「毛嫌い」; for strong loathing in formal prose, 「嫌悪」. To forgive instead, use 「許す」; to feel grateful, 「感謝する」.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also
