欠如|けつじょketsujo[1]atamadaka (head-high)
This browser can't play pronunciations (needs Safari 18.4 or later, or Chrome / Edge / Firefox).
Definitions
- noun, suru verb, intransitive verblack; absence; shortage; deficiency; privation
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 欠如する（けつじょする） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 欠如します（けつじょします） |
| Negative (nai) | 欠如しない（けつじょしない） |
| polite (masen) | 欠如しません（けつじょしません） |
| classical zu / nu | 欠如せず・欠如せぬ（けつじょせず・けつじょせぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 欠如した（けつじょした） |
| polite (mashita) | 欠如しました（けつじょしました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 欠如しなかった（けつじょしなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 欠如しませんでした（けつじょしませんでした） |
| Te form | 欠如して（けつじょして） |
| Potential | 欠如できる（けつじょできる） |
| Passive | 欠如される（けつじょされる） |
| Causative | 欠如させる（けつじょさせる） |
| Causative passive | 欠如させられる（けつじょさせられる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 欠如すれば（けつじょすれば） |
| tara | 欠如したら（けつじょしたら） |
| Volitional | 欠如しよう（けつじょしよう） |
| polite (mashou) | 欠如しましょう（けつじょしましょう） |
| Imperative | 欠如しろ（けつじょしろ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym欠乏けつぼうWrittenWritten/formal. For shortages of needed material things, as in 「酸素欠乏」; 「欠如」 is for the absence of abstract qualities or abilities.
- Synonym不足ふそくNeutralNeutral. Covers insufficient quantity and also dissatisfaction, as in 「人手不足」; 「欠如」 is about qualities one should have being missing.
- Synonym欠けつWrittenWritten/formal. The bare character covers absence or being short, as in 「欠を補う」; 「欠如」 is about missing qualities.
- Synonym欠落けつらくWrittenWritten/formal. For parts that are missing or dropped out, as in 「記憶の欠落」; 「欠如」 is about missing qualities.
- Synonym欠失けっしつWrittenWritten/formal. For things lost or deleted, including gene deletions; 「欠如」 is about missing qualities.
- Related不十分ふじゅうぶんNeutralNeutral. Means not enough or inadequate, as in 「説明不十分」; 「欠如」 points to something that should be there being absent.
- Related不全ふぜんWrittenWritten/formal. For incomplete or failing function, as in 「心不全」; 「欠如」 is about missing qualities.
- Related不備ふびWrittenWritten/formal. For inadequate preparation or incomplete paperwork, as in 「書類の不備」; 「欠如」 is about missing qualities.
- Related不完全ふかんぜんWrittenWritten/formal. Means incomplete or flawed; 「欠如」 is about a quality or ability being absent.
- Related手薄てうすNeutralNeutral. Describes thin staffing, reserves or security, as in 「警備が手薄」; 「欠如」 is about missing qualities.
- Related欠くかくWrittenWritten/formal verb. To lack or to chip, as in 「常識を欠く」; 「欠如」 is a noun.
- Related欠けるかけるNeutralNeutral verb. To chip or to be lacking, as in 「協調性に欠ける」; 「欠如」 is a noun.
- Related払底ふっていWrittenWritten/formal. Says supplies or talent have run short, as in 「人材払底」; 「欠如」 is about missing qualities.
- Antonym充足じゅうそくWrittenWritten/formal antonym. Sufficiency or fulfilment; the opposite of 「欠如」 in the lack-versus-sufficiency pair.
- Antonym充実じゅうじつNeutralNeutral antonym. Fullness or enrichment; the opposite of 「欠如」 in the absence-versus-fullness pair.
Use 「欠如」 when something that should be there — a quality or ability — is absent, as in 「責任感の欠如」 and 「常識の欠如」. For shortages of material goods use 「欠乏」, for insufficient quantity 「不足」, and for incomplete paperwork 「不備」. The opposites are 「充足」 and 「充実」.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also
