正す|ただすtadasu[2]nakadaka (mid-high)

1. godan verb, transitive verbto correct; to rectify; to reform; to amend; to redress
   間違まちがいがあれば正ただしなさい。↗

   Correct errors, if any.
2. godan verb, transitive verbto straighten (one's posture, collar, etc.); to adjust

• Synonym改めるあらためるNeutralBroader than 「正す」: to revise or change, and also to check or change one's attitude; 「正す」 focuses on setting things right.
• Synonym直すなおすNeutralThe most common everyday word: to fix or correct. 「正す」 leans written/formal, used for correcting errors or straightening posture.
• Synonym修正しゅうせいNeutralAmending errors or shortcomings, as in 「修正案」; leans toward documents and data.
• Synonym訂正ていせいNeutralFor correcting mistakes in writing or in what was said; the emphasis is on making a correction.
• Synonym矯正きょうせいNeutralCorrecting teeth, eyesight, or bad behavior; the emphasis is on remedial treatment.
• Synonym改正かいせいNeutralRevising laws and regulations; what gets changed is rules and systems.
• SynonymかいぜんNeutralImproving or making better; also the business concept 「カイゼン」.
• Related改良かいりょうNeutralImproving varieties or products; the emphasis is on making something better.
• Related刷新さっしんNeutralThorough renewal, as in 「人事刷新」; the emphasis is on a complete fresh start.
• Related補正ほせいNeutralSupplementing what is lacking or correcting errors, such as removing measurement error, as in 「補正予算」; emphasizes supplementary correction.
• Related改新かいしんWrittenReforming and renewing institutions; a formal written word, seen mostly in 「大化の改新」.
• Related更改こうかいNeutralRenewing contracts or systems, as in 「契約更改」; leans business.
• Related一新いっしんNeutralA complete makeover, as in 「面目を一新する」; the emphasis is on total renewal.
• Related改変かいへんNeutralAltering content so it differs from the original, as in 「遺伝子を改変する」; somewhat formal, and not necessarily about fixing errors.
• Related変えるかえるNeutralThe most common word for changing something; not necessarily about correcting an error.
• Related組み替えるくみかえるNeutralRearranging or recombining; the emphasis is on restructuring.
• Related修整しゅうせいNeutralRetouching photographs; mainly a photography term.
• Related改定かいていNeutralRevising prices or rules, as in 「料金改定」; the emphasis is on setting them anew.
• Related匡正きょうせいWrittenTo rectify conduct or social trends; an extremely literary word.
• Related矯めるためるWrittenTo straighten what is bent, or cure bad habits; an archaic, literary word.
• Related訂するていするWrittenTo correct textual errors; formal and rare — in everyday speech use 「訂正する」.
• Related矯め直すためなおすWrittenStraightening something bent again or reforming a bad habit; rare — say 「直す」 in daily life.
• Related更始こうしWrittenSweeping away the old and starting anew; an extremely literary word.
• Related再編成さいへんせいNeutralReorganizing or reshuffling bodies and institutions; the emphasis is on organizational restructuring.
• Antonym誤るあやまるNeutralAntonym: to make a mistake or err — the opposite of correcting with 「正す」.
• Antonym曲げるまげるNeutralAntonym: to bend or distort — the opposite of straightening or correcting with 「正す」.

Use 「正す」 for correcting errors or straightening posture and conduct, as in 「姿勢を正す」「誤りを正す」. In everyday speech 「直す」 is the default for fixing or correcting; for revising documents use 「修正」 or 「訂正」. The rest cover narrower fields: laws (「改正」), teeth and habits (「矯正」), improvement (「改良」「改善」), and wholesale renewal (「刷新」「一新」).

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. 間違まちがっている点てんなどを改あらためる。
2. 乱みだれているところを整ととのえる。