氾濫・はん濫・汎濫|はんらんhanran[0]heiban (flat)
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Which spelling to use
氾濫氾濫 is the most common and most standard spelling, written entirely in kanji; it is the form beginners should use.
はん濫はん濫 is a less common mixed kanji-and-kana spelling of 氾濫, so learners may encounter it as a variant.
汎濫汎濫 is a rarely used all-kanji spelling of 氾濫; learners may encounter it, but it should not be their default choice.
Definitions
- noun, suru verb, intransitive verboverflowing; flood; inundation; deluge
- noun, suru verb, intransitive verboversupply; plethora; abundance (esp. of something undesirable)
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 氾濫する（はんらんする） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 氾濫します（はんらんします） |
| Negative (nai) | 氾濫しない（はんらんしない） |
| polite (masen) | 氾濫しません（はんらんしません） |
| classical zu / nu | 氾濫せず・氾濫せぬ（はんらんせず・はんらんせぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 氾濫した（はんらんした） |
| polite (mashita) | 氾濫しました（はんらんしました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 氾濫しなかった（はんらんしなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 氾濫しませんでした（はんらんしませんでした） |
| Te form | 氾濫して（はんらんして） |
| Potential | 氾濫できる（はんらんできる） |
| Passive | 氾濫される（はんらんされる） |
| Causative | 氾濫させる（はんらんさせる） |
| Causative passive | 氾濫させられる（はんらんさせられる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 氾濫すれば（はんらんすれば） |
| tara | 氾濫したら（はんらんしたら） |
| Volitional | 氾濫しよう（はんらんしよう） |
| polite (mashou) | 氾濫しましょう（はんらんしましょう） |
| Imperative | 氾濫しろ（はんらんしろ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym洪水こうずいNeutralNames the flood or flood disaster itself. 「氾濫」 centres on a river overflowing its banks and is also used figuratively for information or shoddy goods running rampant.
- Synonym出水しゅっすいWrittenWritten term for a river rising and flooding; close to 「氾濫」, which can also be used figuratively for information and the like running rampant.
- Synonym大水おおみずCasualColloquial word for a big flood. 「氾濫」 focuses on water spilling out of the river channel and can also be used figuratively.
- Related溢れ出すあふれだすNeutralSays something begins to well up and spill out. 「氾濫」 centres on a river flooding and wreaking havoc.
- Related溢れ出るあふれでるNeutralSays something flows out because its container is full. 「氾濫」 centres on a river bursting its banks.
- Related越流えつりゅうWrittenWritten, engineering-flavoured term for water spilling over a dam or embankment; 「氾濫」 is far broader.
- Antonym干上がるひあがるNeutralSays a pond or lake dries up and loses its water — the opposite of 「氾濫」 in its flooding sense.
- Antonym渇水かっすいWrittenWritten term for a water shortage caused by scarce rainfall — the opposite of 「氾濫」 as flood disaster.
Use 「氾濫」 for a river overflowing its banks or, figuratively, for information or goods flooding society, as in 「川が氾濫する」「情報の氾濫」. For the flood itself say 「洪水」; colloquially 「大水」; for overflowing 「溢れる」; for drying up 「干上がる」; for water shortage 「渇水」.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
