準ずる・准ずる|じゅんずるjunzuru[0]heiban (flat)
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Which spelling to use
準ずる準ずる, written with mixed kanji and kana, is the most common and standard form; use it as the default written form for the meanings covered by this entry.
准ずる准ずる, written with mixed kanji and kana, is a rarely used variant of 準ずる; you may encounter it, but it is not the usual choice.
Definitions
- ichidan verb (-zuru), intransitive verbto follow (a rule, precedent, etc.); to conform to (the law, standards, etc.); to be based on; to apply correspondinglyocc. as 順ずる
- ichidan verb (-zuru), intransitive verbto be proportionate to
- ichidan verb (-zuru), intransitive verbto correspond to; to be equivalent to; to be treated in the same way as
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 準ずる（じゅんずる） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 準ずます（じゅんずます） |
| Negative (nai) | 準ずない（じゅんずない） |
| polite (masen) | 準ずません（じゅんずません） |
| classical zu / nu | 準ずず・準ずぬ（じゅんずず・じゅんずぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 準ずた（じゅんずた） |
| polite (mashita) | 準ずました（じゅんずました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 準ずなかった（じゅんずなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 準ずませんでした（じゅんずませんでした） |
| Te form | 準ずて（じゅんずて） |
| Potential | 準ずられる（じゅんずられる） |
| Passive | 準ずられる（じゅんずられる） |
| Causative | 準ずさせる（じゅんずさせる） |
| Causative passive | 準ずさせられる（じゅんずさせられる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 準ずれば（じゅんずれば） |
| tara | 準ずたら（じゅんずたら） |
| Volitional | 準ずよう（じゅんずよう） |
| polite (mashou) | 準ずましょう（じゅんずましょう） |
| Imperative | 準ずろ（じゅんずろ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym準じるじゅんじるNeutralNeutral: the modern, more common form with the same meaning, used in speech and writing alike, as in 「規則に準じる」; 「準ずる」 sounds more literary.
- Synonym従うしたがうNeutralNeutral: to obey or comply, as in 「指示に従う」. It stresses following orders or instructions.
- Synonym準拠じゅんきょWrittenWritten/formal prose: to base something on a given standard, as in 「教科書準拠」. It centers on standards and specifications.
- RelatedならうNeutralNeutral: to imitate or model oneself on something, as in 「前例に倣う」. It stresses copying an example, not applying a standard.
- Related踏襲とうしゅうWrittenWritten/formal prose: to carry on a predecessor's way of doing things, as in 「方針を踏襲する」. It stresses inheriting something unchanged.
- Related則るのっとるWrittenWritten/formal prose: follows norms or tradition, as in 「法に則る」. It stresses strict adherence; 「準ずる」 is more about taking something as a standard to apply by analogy.
- Antonym反するはんするWrittenWritten/formal prose: to violate or go against — the opposite of 「準ずる」, which is about following a standard.
Use 「準ずる」 for taking a rule or precedent as the standard or being treated on a par with it, as in 「正会員に準ずる扱い」. The same-meaning 「準じる」 is more common today; for strict adherence say 「則る」, for imitation 「倣う」; the opposite is 「反する」.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
