留守・留主|るすrusu[1]atamadaka (head-high)

JLPT N4approx.Common
Which spelling to use
留守留守 is the most common and standard form. Beginners should use it as their default written form.
留主留主 is a rarely used written variant; learners will seldom need to use it.
Definitions
  1. suru verb, transitive verb, intransitive verb, no-adjectiveabsence; being away from home
  2. noun, suru verb, transitive verb, intransitive verbhouse-sitting; house-sitter
    彼女かのじょに留守るすを頼たのんで外出がいしゅつしました。↗
    I went on the trip, leaving the house in her care.
  3. nounneglecting (e.g. one's studies); leaving unattendedusu. as お留守になる
Conjugation
Dictionary form留守する(るすする)
Polite (masu)留守します(るすします)
Negative (nai)留守しない(るすしない)
polite (masen)留守しません(るすしません)
classical zu / nu留守せず・留守せぬ(るすせず・るすせぬ)
Past (ta)留守した(るすした)
polite (mashita)留守しました(るすしました)
Past negative (nakatta)留守しなかった(るすしなかった)
polite (masen deshita)留守しませんでした(るすしませんでした)
Te form留守して(るすして)
Potential留守できる(るすできる)
Passive留守される(るすされる)
Causative留守させる(るすさせる)
Causative passive留守させられる(るすさせられる)
Conditional (ba)留守すれば(るすすれば)
tara留守したら(るすしたら)
Volitional留守しよう(るすしよう)
polite (mashou)留守しましょう(るすしましょう)
Imperative留守しろ(るすしろ)

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Synonyms & antonyms
  • Synonym不在ふざいWrittenWritten/formal word for not being present, as in 「社長は不在です」; it states absence objectively, while 「留守」 focuses on no one being home.
  • Antonym在宅ざいたくNeutralThe neutral opposite of 「留守」: being at home, as in 「在宅勤務」.

Default to 「留守」 when no one is home; use 「不在」 for formal statements of absence, and 「在宅」 for being at home.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. 主人しゅじんや家いえの人ひとが外出がいしゅつしている間あいだ、その家いえを守まもること。留守番るすばん。
  2. 家いえを不在ふざいにすること。
  3. 注意ちゅういが散漫さんまんになること。またそれにより動うごきがとまること。
  4. 日本にっぽんの姓せいの一ひとつ。
Kanji in this word
English equivalents

JLPT vocabulary levels are community estimates, not official (no official lists have been published since the 2010 revision).

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