発育|はついくhatsuiku[0]heiban (flat)

JLPT N1approx.Common
Definitions
  1. noun, suru verb, intransitive verb(physical) growth; development
    The baby showed a normal development.
Conjugation
Dictionary form発育する(はついくする)
Polite (masu)発育します(はついくします)
Negative (nai)発育しない(はついくしない)
polite (masen)発育しません(はついくしません)
classical zu / nu発育せず・発育せぬ(はついくせず・はついくせぬ)
Past (ta)発育した(はついくした)
polite (mashita)発育しました(はついくしました)
Past negative (nakatta)発育しなかった(はついくしなかった)
polite (masen deshita)発育しませんでした(はついくしませんでした)
Te form発育して(はついくして)
Potential発育できる(はついくできる)
Passive発育される(はついくされる)
Causative発育させる(はついくさせる)
Causative passive発育させられる(はついくさせられる)
Conditional (ba)発育すれば(はついくすれば)
tara発育したら(はついくしたら)
Volitional発育しよう(はついくしよう)
polite (mashou)発育しましょう(はついくしましょう)
Imperative発育しろ(はついくしろ)

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Synonyms & antonyms
  • Synonym成長せいちょうNeutralBroader than 「発育」: covers growing up and even economic or company growth, as in 「子供の成長」「経済成長」. 「発育」 is only physical growth of living things.
  • Synonym発達はったつNeutralLeans toward the development of functions and capabilities, as in 「筋肉の発達」「交通の発達」, rather than overall physical growth.
  • Synonym生育せいいくWrittenWritten/formal prose; covers growth and reproduction, mainly of plants, as in 「植物の生育」.
  • Synonym生長せいちょうWrittenWritten/formal prose; the growth of plants. A homophone of 「成長」.
  • Synonym成育せいいくWrittenWritten/formal prose; the growth of people or animals, as in 「子どもの成育」. Less common than 「発育」.
  • Synonym育ちそだちNeutralAs a noun, points to upbringing and where one grew up, as in 「育ちがいい」; 「発育」 is about physical growth.
  • Synonym育つそだつNeutralAn everyday intransitive verb for growing or being raised; common in speech. 「発育」 sounds more medical or statistical.
  • Related成熟せいじゅくNeutralLeans toward reaching a mature or finished stage, as in 「果実が成熟する」, rather than the growth process itself.
  • Related長じるちょうじるWrittenWritten/formal prose; to grow up, or in the pattern 「~に長じる」, to excel at something. Rare in modern usage.
  • Related長ずるちょうずるWrittenWritten/formal prose; the ずる form of 「長じる」. Means to grow up or excel, as in 「長ずるに及んで」「弁舌に長ずる」.
  • Antonym萎縮いしゅくWrittenWritten/formal prose; withering or atrophy — the opposite of the growth that 「発育」 describes.
  • Antonym退行たいこうWrittenWritten/formal prose; regression or retrogression — the reverse of 「発育」.

For physical growth of living things use 「発育」, as in 「発育がいい」. General growth is 「成長」 or the everyday verb 「育つ」; development of functions is 「発達」. 「生育」「生長」 are formal and mostly for plants, 「成育」 for people and animals. The opposites are 「萎縮」 and 「退行」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. 生物せいぶつやその器官きかんなどが育そだって大おおきくなること。
Kanji in this word
See also

JLPT vocabulary levels are community estimates, not official (no official lists have been published since the 2010 revision).

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