発芽|はつがhatsuga[0]heiban (flat)

JLPT N1approx.Common
Definitions
  1. noun, suru verb, intransitive verbgermination; sprouting; budding
Conjugation
Dictionary form発芽する(はつがする)
Polite (masu)発芽します(はつがします)
Negative (nai)発芽しない(はつがしない)
polite (masen)発芽しません(はつがしません)
classical zu / nu発芽せず・発芽せぬ(はつがせず・はつがせぬ)
Past (ta)発芽した(はつがした)
polite (mashita)発芽しました(はつがしました)
Past negative (nakatta)発芽しなかった(はつがしなかった)
polite (masen deshita)発芽しませんでした(はつがしませんでした)
Te form発芽して(はつがして)
Potential発芽できる(はつができる)
Passive発芽される(はつがされる)
Causative発芽させる(はつがさせる)
Causative passive発芽させられる(はつがさせられる)
Conditional (ba)発芽すれば(はつがすれば)
tara発芽したら(はつがしたら)
Volitional発芽しよう(はつがしよう)
polite (mashou)発芽しましょう(はつがしましょう)
Imperative発芽しろ(はつがしろ)

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Synonyms & antonyms
  • Synonym芽生えるめばえるNeutralBuds sprouting, and figuratively the stirring of feelings or awareness; 「発芽」 is the scientific term for seeds germinating.
  • Synonym萌芽ほうがWrittenWritten prose. Mostly figurative — the first signs or beginnings of something new; 「発芽」 is for plants actually germinating.
  • Synonym芽吹くめぶくNeutralTrees putting out new buds, with a springtime nuance; 「発芽」 centers on seeds sprouting.
  • Synonym萌えるもえるWrittenWritten prose for plants budding; in modern colloquial use it mostly means being infatuated with something.
  • Synonym芽ぐむめぐむWrittenLiterary word for buds starting to appear, rarely used; 「発芽」 is the more common choice.
  • Synonym萌え出すもえだすWrittenSuggests buds breaking through the soil and stresses the start of growth; 「発芽」 leans scientific.
  • Synonym萌え出るもえでるWrittenWritten prose with a literary air, for young buds emerging; 「発芽」 leans scientific.
  • Synonym萌え立つもえたつWrittenWritten prose for new leaves coming out; 「発芽」 centers on seeds.
  • Related出芽しゅつがWrittenWritten prose and biological in flavor, for budding; 「発芽」 is the more common word.
  • Antonym枯死こしWrittenWritten prose. A plant withering and dying — the opposite of 「発芽」 as seed germination.
  • Antonym休眠きゅうみんNeutralDormancy — the opposite of 「発芽」 as the beginning of sprouting.

Use 「発芽」 for seeds germinating, as in 「発芽率」 or 「発芽玄米」. For the figurative birth of feelings or awareness use 「芽生える」, for the first signs of something new 「萌芽」, and for trees budding in spring 「芽吹く」. 「萌える」, 「芽ぐむ」 and the other 「萌え」-verbs are literary; 「出芽」 is a biological term. Opposites: 「枯死」 (withering) and 「休眠」 (dormancy).

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. 植物しょくぶつの種子しゅしや胞子ほうしなどが温度おんどや水分すいぶんの条件じょうけんがそろい芽がを出だすこと。
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also

JLPT vocabulary levels are community estimates, not official (no official lists have been published since the 2010 revision).

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