耕作|こうさくkousaku[0]heiban (flat)

1. noun, suru verb, transitive verbcultivation; farming
   ３００年間ねんかん、彼かれらは周囲しゅういの土地とちを耕作こうさくしてきた。↗

   For three hundred years they have farmed the surrounding land.

• Synonym農耕のうこうWrittenWritten/formal prose: farming as production, often with a historical slant, as in 「農耕民族」; 「耕作」 stresses the labor of tilling and raising crops.
• Synonym農のうNeutralMeans agriculture or farming and mostly appears in compounds such as 「農家」 and 「農業」.
• Synonym耕すたがやすNeutralA common everyday verb for tilling or plowing soil; it stresses the physical action, while 「耕作」 covers farming more broadly.
• Synonym栽培さいばいNeutralCultivating crops, flowers and other plants; the focus is on raising the plants themselves rather than on working the land.
• Synonym耕種こうしゅWrittenWritten/formal prose for tilling and sowing; rare in modern Japanese — in everyday speech say 「耕作」 instead.
• Synonym農作のうさくNeutralRefers to growing crops and appears mostly in compounds like 「農作業」 and 「農作物」; it is rarely used on its own.
• Related培うつちかうWrittenWritten/formal prose; a verb for fostering abilities or character, used mainly in this figurative sense.
• Related稼穡かしょくFormalFormal written term for planting and harvesting, carrying an archaic classical flavor; very rare in modern use.
• Antonym休耕きゅうこうNeutralThe opposite of 「耕作」: suspending cultivation of a field for a period, as in 「休耕田」.

Use 「耕作」 for tilling and working land to grow crops, as in 「耕作放棄地」. For turning over soil use 「耕す」; for raising plants use 「栽培」; for farming civilization use 「農耕」; for figurative fostering use 「培う」; for fallow fields use 「休耕」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. 田畑たはたを耕たがやして農作物のうさくもつを作つくること。農林水産省のうりんすいさんしょうは、所管しょかんする農地法のうちほうの運用うんようにおいて「土地とちに労ろう費ひを加くわえ肥培ひばい管理かんりを行おこなって作物さくもつを栽培さいばいすることをいう」としている（1952年ねん12月がつ20日にち、27農地のうち5129農林のうりん事務次官じむじかん通達つうたつ）。
2. 日本人にほんじんの男性名だんせいめい
3. 田畑たはたを耕たがやして農作物のうさくもつを作つくる。