自主|じしゅjishu[1]atamadaka (head-high)
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Definitions
- noun, suru verb, intransitive verbindependence; autonomy; self-reliance
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 自主する（じしゅする） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 自主します（じしゅします） |
| Negative (nai) | 自主しない（じしゅしない） |
| polite (masen) | 自主しません（じしゅしません） |
| classical zu / nu | 自主せず・自主せぬ（じしゅせず・じしゅせぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 自主した（じしゅした） |
| polite (mashita) | 自主しました（じしゅしました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 自主しなかった（じしゅしなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 自主しませんでした（じしゅしませんでした） |
| Te form | 自主して（じしゅして） |
| Potential | 自主できる（じしゅできる） |
| Passive | 自主される（じしゅされる） |
| Causative | 自主させる（じしゅさせる） |
| Causative passive | 自主させられる（じしゅさせられる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 自主すれば（じしゅすれば） |
| tara | 自主したら（じしゅしたら） |
| Volitional | 自主しよう（じしゅしよう） |
| polite (mashou) | 自主しましょう（じしゅしましょう） |
| Imperative | 自主しろ（じしゅしろ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym自治じちNeutralFor a group or region managing its own affairs, as in 「地方自治」; 自主 is about an individual actively deciding their own actions.
- Synonym自立じりつNeutralIndependence in economic and daily life, without relying on others; 自主 stresses making one's own decisions.
- Synonym独立どくりつNeutralThe most general word: independence for a nation or an individual; 自主 stresses actively deciding one's own actions.
- Synonym自律じりつNeutralRestraining yourself by your own standards, as in 「自律した生活」; 自主 stresses making one's own decisions.
- Related自由じゆうNeutralFreedom from constraint or control; 自主 stresses actively deciding for oneself rather than simply being unrestricted.
- Related独立独歩どくりつどっぽWrittenA written four-character idiom: relying on no one and standing on your own; 自主 is the more concise choice.
- Related自足じそくWrittenWritten word for self-sufficiency, and also self-satisfaction; 自主 stresses deciding on one's own.
- Related独立独行どくりつどっこうWrittenA written four-character idiom: acting by one's own convictions; 自主 is more concise.
- Related自主独往じしゅどくおうWrittenA written four-character idiom: living independently by one's own will and judgment; 自主 is more concise.
- Antonym従属じゅうぞくNeutralNeutral antonym: subordination — being under another's control or depending on them, the opposite of 自主.
- Antonym他律たりつWrittenWritten antonym: being directed or bound by others instead of acting on one's own will — the opposite of 自主.
Use 「自主」 for deciding and acting on your own initiative, as in 「自主練習」. Pick 「自治」 for a group or region managing its own affairs, 「自立」 or the more general 「独立」 for economic and everyday independence, 「自律」 for self-discipline, 「自由」 for freedom from restraint. 「独立独歩」「独立独行」「自主独往」 and 「自足」 suit written prose. Antonyms: 「従属」, and 「他律」 in formal writing.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also
