強制|きょうせいkyousei[0]heiban (flat)

JLPT N1approx.Common
Definitions
  1. noun, suru verb, transitive verbcompulsion; coercion; forcing (to do); enforcement
    何なんも私にそれをあきらめるように強制きょうせいすることができない。↗
    Nothing can force me to give it up.
Conjugation
Dictionary form強制する(きょうせいする)
Polite (masu)強制します(きょうせいします)
Negative (nai)強制しない(きょうせいしない)
polite (masen)強制しません(きょうせいしません)
classical zu / nu強制せず・強制せぬ(きょうせいせず・きょうせいせぬ)
Past (ta)強制した(きょうせいした)
polite (mashita)強制しました(きょうせいしました)
Past negative (nakatta)強制しなかった(きょうせいしなかった)
polite (masen deshita)強制しませんでした(きょうせいしませんでした)
Te form強制して(きょうせいして)
Potential強制できる(きょうせいできる)
Passive強制される(きょうせいされる)
Causative強制させる(きょうせいさせる)
Causative passive強制させられる(きょうせいさせられる)
Conditional (ba)強制すれば(きょうせいすれば)
tara強制したら(きょうせいしたら)
Volitional強制しよう(きょうせいしよう)
polite (mashou)強制しましょう(きょうせいしましょう)
Imperative強制しろ(きょうせいしろ)

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Synonyms & antonyms
  • Synonym強要きょうようWrittenWritten/formal prose. A noun for demanding something the other party is unwilling to do, as in 「強要罪」; 「強制」 is making someone submit by force.
  • Synonym強いるしいるWrittenA verb for forcing someone to do what they would rather not, as in 「我慢を強いる」; leans toward written prose.
  • Synonym無理強いむりじいNeutralA noun for pressing someone into doing something against their will, as in 「酒の無理強い」; stresses the strain put on the reluctant person.
  • Synonym強圧きょうあつWrittenA noun for suppression by force or authority, as in 「強圧的な態度」; formal written flavor.
  • Related押し付けるおしつけるNeutralA verb for imposing responsibilities or opinions on others, as in 「仕事を押し付ける」; very common in speech.
  • Related課するかするWrittenA verb for levying taxes or imposing obligations, as in 「罰金を課する」; bureaucratic, official-document style.
  • Related課すかすWrittenAnother form of 「課する」 with the same meaning, as in 「宿題を課す」; in written prose 「課する」 is the more common of the two.
  • Related駆るかるWrittenA literary verb for driving or spurring someone on; often seen as 「不安に駆られる」, driven by an emotion.
  • Related強迫きょうはくWrittenWritten/formal prose. A noun for coercion or duress; in psychology it also refers to obsessive compulsion. Academic and legal flavor.
  • Related押し付けおしつけNeutralA noun for imposing something on people, as in 「価値観の押し付け」; carries a tone of resentment.
  • Antonym任意にんいWrittenThe antonym: optional or voluntary, as in 「任意参加」; the direct opposite of 「強制」.
  • Antonym自由じゆうNeutralFreedom or autonomy; the everyday opposite of coercion.

Use 「強制」 for forcing others to obey, as in 「強制退去」. For demanding something against a person's will, use 「強要」; for forcing someone to do something, 「強いる」 or 「無理強い」; for imposing duties or views on others, 「押し付ける」; for levying taxes or obligations, 「課する」. The opposite, voluntary participation, is 「任意」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. 力ちからを用もちいて他者たしゃを無理むりに従したがわせること。
  2. 力ちからを用もちいて他者たしゃを無理むりに従したがわせる。
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also

JLPT vocabulary levels are community estimates, not official (no official lists have been published since the 2010 revision).

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