講ずる|こうずるkouzuru[0]heiban (flat)
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Definitions
- ichidan verb (-zuru), transitive verbto lecture; to read aloud; to give a lecture (on)
- ichidan verb (-zuru), transitive verbto devise (e.g. a strategy); to work out (e.g. a tactic); to take (e.g. measures); to carry out (e.g. a plan); to adopt (e.g. a policy)
- ichidan verb (-zuru), transitive verbto reconciliate (with); to make peace (with); to make up (with)
- ichidan verb (-zuru), transitive verbto recite poetry (at a poetry gathering)
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 講ずる（こうずる） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 講ずます（こうずます） |
| Negative (nai) | 講ずない（こうずない） |
| polite (masen) | 講ずません（こうずません） |
| classical zu / nu | 講ずず・講ずぬ（こうずず・こうずぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 講ずた（こうずた） |
| polite (mashita) | 講ずました（こうずました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 講ずなかった（こうずなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 講ずませんでした（こうずませんでした） |
| Te form | 講ずて（こうずて） |
| Potential | 講ずられる（こうずられる） |
| Passive | 講ずられる（こうずられる） |
| Causative | 講ずさせる（こうずさせる） |
| Causative passive | 講ずさせられる（こうずさせられる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 講ずれば（こうずれば） |
| tara | 講ずたら（こうずたら） |
| Volitional | 講ずよう（こうずよう） |
| polite (mashou) | 講ずましょう（こうずましょう） |
| Imperative | 講ずろ（こうずろ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym講じるこうじるNeutralAn ichidan-verb spelling with the same meaning and usage, as in 「対策を講じる」; the two forms are fully interchangeable.
- RelatedレクチャーNeutralA loanword for a lecture or explanation, common in colloquial usage, as in 「レクチャーを受ける」; it has no sense of taking measures.
- Related講演こうえんNeutralA public address before an audience, as in 「記念講演」; it is about speaking only and lacks 「講ずる」's sense of taking measures.
- Related講話こうわNeutralA talk or discourse that instructs, often religious or a school principal's address; it does not cover taking measures.
- Related講義こうぎNeutralA university lecture, centered on the course itself, as in 「講義を受ける」; 「講ずる」 sounds more written/formal in the lecturing sense.
- Related講説こうせつWrittenWritten/formal prose for expounding principles in a lecture; rare, and unlike 「講ずる」 it cannot refer to taking measures.
- Related講授WrittenWritten/formal prose for giving instruction; rare, with everyday speech preferring 「講義」. It has no sense of taking measures.
- Antonym怠るおこたるNeutralTo neglect or fail to do what should be done; the opposite of 「講ずる」, which is about actively taking measures.
- Antonym放棄するNeutralTo abandon or give up; opposed to 「講ずる」, which is about actively working out countermeasures.
In written prose 「講ずる」 covers both lecturing and taking measures, as in 「万全の策を講ずる」; 「講じる」 is the same verb in its other form. For classes say 「講義」 or 「レクチャー」, for a public speech 「講演」; 「講授」 and 「講説」 are rare written words. The opposites are 「怠る」 and 「放棄する」.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
