進行|しんこうshinkou[0]heiban (flat)

JLPT N1approx.Common
Definitions
  1. noun, suru verb, intransitive verbmoving forward (e.g. of a vehicle); onward movement
  2. noun, suru verb, transitive verb, intransitive verbprogress (of work, activities, etc.); advance; making headway
    その仕事しごとは現在げんざい進行しんこうしています。↗
    The work is now in progress.
  3. noun, suru verb, intransitive verbprogression (of a disease, global warming, etc.)
    このころ、病気びょうきの進行しんこうは遅おそくなった。↗
    About this time, the disease slowed.
  4. noun, musicprogression (e.g. chord progression)
Conjugation
Dictionary form進行する(しんこうする)
Polite (masu)進行します(しんこうします)
Negative (nai)進行しない(しんこうしない)
polite (masen)進行しません(しんこうしません)
classical zu / nu進行せず・進行せぬ(しんこうせず・しんこうせぬ)
Past (ta)進行した(しんこうした)
polite (mashita)進行しました(しんこうしました)
Past negative (nakatta)進行しなかった(しんこうしなかった)
polite (masen deshita)進行しませんでした(しんこうしませんでした)
Te form進行して(しんこうして)
Potential進行できる(しんこうできる)
Passive進行される(しんこうされる)
Causative進行させる(しんこうさせる)
Causative passive進行させられる(しんこうさせられる)
Conditional (ba)進行すれば(しんこうすれば)
tara進行したら(しんこうしたら)
Volitional進行しよう(しんこうしよう)
polite (mashou)進行しましょう(しんこうしましょう)
Imperative進行しろ(しんこうしろ)

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Synonyms & antonyms
  • Synonym前進ぜんしんNeutralFocuses on the forward direction, literally or toward a goal. 「進行」 instead stresses something moving through its process, or a disease getting worse.
  • Synonym進みすすみNeutralA colloquial noun for how work or a task is coming along, as in 「仕事の進み」; 「進行」 sounds more formal.
  • SynonymプログレスNeutralA rare loanword for progress; for how work is going, 「進捗」 or 「進行」 is the usual choice.
  • Related進歩しんぽNeutralProgress or improvement in skills or technology, with a positive ring; 「進行」 is neutral and can describe a disease worsening.
  • Related進出しんしゅつNeutralAdvancing into a new field, market, or the next round of a competition; 「進行」 describes a process already under way.
  • Related進捗しんちょくWrittenWritten, business-flavoured word for progress on work or a project; 「進行」 simply describes something as being under way.
  • Related発展はってんNeutralGrowth or expansion — developing into something bigger or more advanced; 「進行」 is about moving forward through a sequence of stages.
  • Related向上こうじょうNeutralImprovement or rising to a better level, always positive; 「進行」 carries no judgement of good or bad.
  • Related進展しんてんNeutralDevelopment of a situation or state of affairs; 「進行」 centres on the process of something being under way itself.
  • RelatedアドバンスNeutralLoanword meaning a forward movement or an advance payment; 「進行」 is far more common in everyday Japanese.
  • Related前進運動ぜんしんうんどうWrittenA written-style term for physical forward motion; 「進行」 is broader, covering the progress of affairs as well.
  • Antonym後退こうたいNeutralAntonym: falling back or retreating, the opposite of the forward movement 「進行」 can describe.
  • Antonym停滞ていたいNeutralAntonym: stagnation — things failing to move ahead, the opposite of 「進行」's steady continuation.

Default to 「進行」 for something moving forward through its course — a train travelling on, a disease advancing, or proceedings run by an MC (「司会進行」); 「進行中」 means in progress. Use 「前進」 for forward movement, 「進捗」 for work progress, 「進歩」 for improvement, 「進展」 for a situation developing, 「停滞」 for stalling.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. 目的もくてきに向むかって進すすんでいくこと。
  2. 作業さぎょうなどがはかどること。
  3. 病気びょうきなどが悪化あっかすること。
  4. 目的もくてきに向むかって進すすんでいく。
  5. 作業さぎょうなどがはかどる。
  6. 病気びょうきなどが悪化あっかする。
Kanji in this word
See also

JLPT vocabulary levels are community estimates, not official (no official lists have been published since the 2010 revision).

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