鳴る|なるnaru[0]heiban (flat)

JLPT N4approx.Common
Definitions
  1. godan verb, intransitive verbto sound; to ring; to resound; to echo; to roar; to rumble
    The telephone rang repeatedly.
Conjugation
Dictionary form鳴る(なる)
Polite (masu)鳴ります(なります)
Negative (nai)鳴らない(ならない)
polite (masen)鳴りません(なりません)
classical zu / nu鳴らず・鳴らぬ(ならず・ならぬ)
Past (ta)鳴った(なった)
polite (mashita)鳴りました(なりました)
Past negative (nakatta)鳴らなかった(ならなかった)
polite (masen deshita)鳴りませんでした(なりませんでした)
Te form鳴って(なって)
Potential鳴れる(なれる)
Passive鳴られる(なられる)
Causative鳴らせる(ならせる)
Causative passive鳴らせられる・鳴らされる(ならせられる・ならされる)
Conditional (ba)鳴れば(なれば)
tara鳴ったら(なったら)
Volitional鳴ろう(なろう)
polite (mashou)鳴りましょう(なりましょう)
Imperative鳴れ(なれ)

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Transitive / intransitive pair
intransitive鳴るなる⇄transitive鳴らすならす
ベルが鳴なる
鳴る focuses on the sound occurring spontaneously or the thing itself producing sound, while 鳴らす focuses on an agent deliberately causing that sound.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Synonyms & antonyms
  • Synonym響き渡るひびきわたるWrittenWritten/formal prose: a sound echoing through a whole space; also a name or fame spreading widely, as in 「名が響き渡る」. Not the plain default for a sound.
  • Synonym鳴り響くなりひびくNeutralNeutral: a sound ringing out and echoing, as in 「鐘が鳴り響く」; also said of fame spreading. Adds an echoing nuance to 「鳴る」.
  • Synonym鳴り渡るなりわたるWrittenWritten/formal prose: a sound carrying far into the distance, as in 「汽笛が鳴り渡る」. More literary than 「鳴る」 for a far-reaching sound.
  • Antonym静まるしずまるWrittenWritten/formal prose. The opposite of 「鳴る」: to become quiet or die down, as in 「会場が静まる」.

Use 「鳴る」 as the default for making a sound. For a sound ringing out and echoing pick 「鳴り響く」; for one spreading through a space or far and wide, 「響き渡る」 or 「鳴り渡る」 (both written style); 「静まる」 is the written-style opposite, for going quiet.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. 音おとが出でる。
  2. 響ひびき渡わたる。
Kanji in this word
English equivalents

JLPT vocabulary levels are community estimates, not official (no official lists have been published since the 2010 revision).

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