にかけて
- 1Marks an approximate span of time: "from... through...".Ex. 1
- 2Marks an approximate span of space: "from... to... (the area between)".Ex. 2
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Both ends of the span are vague; the focus is on something continuing or happening within that period or area, and it is common in descriptions of weather, seasons and regions (関東から東北にかけて雪が降る). When the starting point is clear from context it can be omitted: 明日にかけて雨が続く. The "when it comes to..." use, 〜にかけては, is a separate pattern; see N2 にかけては.
Do not use it to state fixed endpoints such as business hours; use 〜から〜まで instead.
It marks rough spans of time or space, not ranges of people or quantities: say 子供から大人まで, not 子供から大人にかけて.
- 1.にわたってN2「にわたって」 stresses covering the entire span, implying a long duration and wide range; it attaches directly to duration words like 「5時間」 without needing 「から」, and leans toward written style.
- 2.〜から〜までN5「〜から〜まで」 clearly marks both start and end points and can also express ranges of people, quantities, and so on, whereas 「にかけて」 has vague boundaries and indicates only an approximate period or area. Use 「まで」 when clear limits are needed.
- 3.を通じて / を通してN2「を通じて／を通して」 means running through the entire period and attaches directly to nouns like 「一年」; 「にかけて」 usually pairs with 「から」 and indicates a vague, approximate range, so the two cannot be swapped. 「を通じて」 can also indicate a medium or means.
- 4.において / におけるN3「において」 indicates the place, time, occasion, or field where something occurs (a written-style equivalent of 「で」) and does not pair with 「から」 to express range.
- 5.にかけてはN2The "when it comes to..." meaning belongs to 「にかけては」 (with no 「から」 before it: 料理にかけては誰にも負けない), which only shares the form with this pattern of range.
〜から〜まで states the endpoints precisely, while にかけて gives only a rough span; にわたって stresses coverage of the whole span, and を通じて / を通して means "throughout" a period. において / における marks a setting or field and does not express a span. The "when it comes to..." meaning belongs to the separate pattern にかけては.
