How to say "custom" in Japanese

• カスタムCommon
  prenominal modifierThe made-to-order sense: a loanword used chiefly of goods or setups built or adjusted to an individual's specification rather than bought off the shelf; not the word for customs in the social sense.
• 風習ふうしゅうJLPT N1approx.Common
  nounThe social sense of 'custom': practices and ways of doing things shared by a community or handed down over time; the word to reach for when 'custom' means a local, traditional or old practice.
  その風習ふうしゅうはすたれつつある。↗

  That custom is on the decrease.
• 慣習かんしゅうJLPT N1approx.Common
  nounAlso social, but leaning toward 'convention' or 'common practice': established ways of doing things that people in a group, field or society habitually follow, sometimes with a formal, rule-like nuance.
  我々われわれは地方ちほうの慣習かんしゅうを尊重そんちょうしなくてはならない。↗

  We have to respect local customs.
• 恒例こうれいCommon
  no-adjectiveCovers 'custom' as an established practice: something that has become a fixed, expected routine through repetition, often a recurring event that people have come to take for granted.
• 特注とくちゅうCommon
  suru verb, transitive verb, no-adjectiveAlso the made-to-order sense, as 'special order' or 'bespoke': goods produced individually to a customer's specification, with the nuance of a special order placed with a maker rather than a general customised product.

For the made-to-order sense of 'custom' use 「カスタム」 or 特注; for customs as social practices, 風習 suggests traditional community practices, 慣習 conventions or common practice, and 恒例 an established recurring practice.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

• カスタムcustom
• 風習ふうしゅうcustom
• 慣習かんしゅうcustom
• 恒例こうれいestablished practice
• 特注とくちゅうspecial order (goods)
• 慣例かんれいcustom
• 通例つうれいcustom
• 習わしならわしcustom
• 常習じょうしゅうcustom
• 客足きゃくあしcustomer traffic
• しきたりcustom
• 俗習ぞくしゅうcustom
• 定まりさだまりrule
• 古例これいold precedent
• 常例じょうれいusual practice
• 愛顧あいこpatronage
• ご愛顧ごあいこpatronage
• 風ふうcustom
• 例れいcustom
• 決まりきまりhabit
• オリジナルunique (e.g. product)
• 性さがcustom
• 習慣しゅうかん(social) custom