How to say "moreover" in Japanese
Choosing the right word
- conjunctionAdds a further point that strengthens or goes beyond the previous statement, as when a second advantage or drawback is piled onto a first; the closest match for 'moreover'.彼はそれをした、しかも彼女のいる前で。↗He did it, and in her presence.
- particle, conjunctionA particle that closes a clause while adding another reason or item — 'and, besides, what's more'. For the standalone connective 'moreover' it is seldom the word you want.トムも来なかったしジェーンも来なかった。↗Tom didn't come, nor did Jane.
- conjunction, adverbJoins two statements or qualities, meaning 'and, moreover' or 'as well as', adding the second alongside the first; it suits statements that present two parallel points together.
- adverb, conjunctionCovers both 'furthermore', adding one more point to what was said, and 'more and more', where something increases in degree; context tells which reading applies.
- conjunctionMeans 'besides this, in addition': it points back to things already mentioned and adds others, so it suits adding further items or cases rather than opening a new line of argument.
Choose 「しかも」 to add an emphatic further point, 「かつ」 or 「さらに」 to link an added point, 「このほか」 to add items besides those already mentioned, and 「し」 only for listing reasons within a sentence.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese equivalents
See also
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