How to say "furthermore" in Japanese
Choosing the right word
- adverb, conjunctionA general additive 'furthermore': it simply adds a further point to what was said. It also covers 'more and more', where something keeps increasing, so rely on context to tell the senses apart.
- conjunctionMoreover: adds a further point that strengthens or intensifies the one just made. Fits when a first fact stands and you add a second that makes the case stronger.彼はそれをした、しかも彼女のいる前で。↗He did it, and in her presence.
- adverb'Besides; on top of that': adds a second point while the first remains fully in force, so the two hold together. Use it when one thing is true and another is true as well.
- expressionPoints to additional items or cases beyond those already mentioned — 'there are more besides' — rather than adding weight to the previous statement; as a pure connective 'furthermore' it is only an approximate match.
- その上そのうえconjunction, noun, adverb'In addition; furthermore': stacks one more point on top of what was just said. Fits when you are enumerating points and add yet another, much as with しかも.
Choose 「さらに」 for the plain additive 'furthermore' (it also means 'more and more'), 「しかも」 or 「その上」 to pile one more point on top, 「なおかつ」 when both points hold at once, and 「ほかにも」 for 'there are more besides'.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese equivalents
See also
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