また・又・亦・復mata[2]odaka (tail-high)

1. adverbagain; once more; once again; another time; some other time
   また会あえて嬉うれしいよ。↗

   Nice to see you again!

   またの機会きかいにしましょう。↗

   Let's make it some other time.

   ありがとう。また、次の日つぎのひにくるようにします。↗

   Thanks. Maybe we'll come back.
2. adverbalso; too; as well; likewise
   ジムもまたパーティーに来きます。↗

   Jim is coming to the party, too.
3. adverbon the other hand; while
   私には彼女かのじょの気持きもちもわかるが、また一面いちめんでは彼女かのじょが正ただしいとも思おもわない。↗

   I understand her, but on the other hand I don't think she's right.
4. conjunctionand; in addition; besides; moreover; furthermore
   私は行いけない。また、行いきたいとも思おもわない。↗

   I cannot go, nor do I want to.

   あの人ひとは医者いしゃでありまた大学だいがくの先生せんせいでもある。↗

   He is a doctor and a university professor.
5. conjunctionor; otherwise
   情報じょうほうを得うるにはどこに行いけばいいか、また誰だれに聞きけばいいか、ご存ぞんじですか。↗

   Do you know where to go or whom to ask for information?
6. adverbreally; how; (what, why) on earthexpresses surprise, shock, doubt, etc.
   暑あつい日ひの生ビールなまびーるの味あじはまた格別かくべつだ。↗

   Draft beer tastes especially good on a hot day.
7. adverbsome time (in the future)
8. prefixindirect

• Synonym再びふたたびWrittenWritten-style word for doing something again, once more, as in 「再び訪れる」. When written 「二度」 and read 「にど」, it means 'twice' — don't confuse the two.
• Synonym改めてあらためてNeutralCovers doing something anew on another occasion, or once more in earnest, as in 「改めて連絡します」 and 「改めて感謝する」.
• SynonymまたまたCasualColloquial emphasis on 「また」, carrying surprise or exasperation, as in 「またまた失敗」; also used to tease someone — 'there you go again.'
• SynonymまたしてもNeutralStresses that the same thing is happening yet again, usually something bad, with a tone of disappointment, as in 「またしても負けた」.
• Synonym重ねてかさねてFormalFormal word for saying or doing something once more, or repeatedly — typically a solemn request or apology, as in 「重ねてお詫び申し上げます」.
• SynonymまたもやWrittenEmphatic 'yet again' with a surprised or exclamatory feel, common in news reports; more written in flavor than 「またしても」.
• SynonymまたもWrittenAn emphatic form of 「また」 meaning 'yet again', slightly more written in tone.
• Related二度にどWrittenThe same word as the 「再び」 above. More formal than 「また」, it only means 'once more' and cannot express 'also' or 'another' the way 「また」 can.

「また」 is the default, both for 'again' and for 'also'. For 'once more' in writing, use 「再び」. For bad things recurring, 「またしても」 or 「またもや」; for a solemn repeat, 「重ねて」; for redoing something on another occasion, 「改めて」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. （また）さらに、くわえて。