なお・尚・猶・尚お・猶おnao[1]atamadaka (head-high)

JLPT N1approx.Common
Definitions
  1. adverbstill; yet
  2. adverbmore; still more; greater; further
    僕ぼくは君きみが欠点けってんを持もっているので、なおいっそう愛あいしてる。↗
    I love you all the more for your faults.
    あとで起おこったことはなお悪わるかった。↗
    What followed was still worse.
  3. conjunctionfurthermore; in addition; moreover; note that ...
    Furthermore, even after the company information session, we sometimes hold company tours.
  4. adverbas if; just like; as thoughas なお ... ごとし; esp. 猶
Synonyms & antonyms
  • Synonym依然としていぜんとしてWrittenWritten/formal prose. 'As before, unchanged', as in 「依然として厳しい」.
  • SynonymまだNeutralNeutral and the everyday word for 'still, not yet'. 「尚」 is the written counterpart.
  • Synonymその上そのうえNeutralNeutral conjunction, common in speech. 'On top of that', stressing accumulation of points.
  • Synonym一層いっそうNeutralNeutral. 'Even more, all the more', as in 「一層努力する」; leans written.
  • SynonymさらにNeutralNeutral and versatile: 'more and more' as an adverb, or 'furthermore' as a conjunction.
  • SynonymなおかつWrittenWritten/formal prose, emphatic. 'Moreover, and yet', as in 「安くてなおかつ旨い」.
  • Synonym今なおいまなおWrittenWritten/formal prose: 'still, even now', as in 「今なお健在」「原因は今なお不明だ」. 「尚」 alone is more concise and also covers the 'more' and 'furthermore' senses.
  • Synonym今もなおいまもなおWrittenWritten/formal prose. 'Still, even now', slightly more emphatic than 「今なお」 for something unchanged to this day.
  • Synonym未だにいまだにNeutralNeutral. 'Still, to this day', often with surprise or dissatisfaction, as in 「未だに信じられない」.
  • RelatedもっとNeutralNeutral and the most common colloquial choice for 'more, even more'.
  • RelatedまたNeutralNeutral and very common in speech. 'Again, also', with a wide range of uses; 「尚」 is the written option.
  • RelatedそれにNeutralNeutral conjunction, common in speech. 'Besides, and also', for adding a reason.
  • RelatedなおなおWrittenWritten/formal prose. 'All the more', intensifying the degree that 「尚」 expresses.
  • RelatedなおもWrittenWritten/formal prose. 'Still continuing', as in 「なおも抵抗する」; stresses ongoing continuation.
  • Related今もっていまもってWrittenWritten/formal prose. 'Even now', often with a negative, as in 「今もって不明」.
  • RelatedなおまたWrittenWritten/formal prose conjunction. 'Besides, moreover', used to add a supplementary remark.
  • Related相も変わらずあいもかわらずNeutralNeutral idiom. 'As usual, as ever', often with an ironic edge.
  • Relatedそれ以上それいじょうNeutralNeutral phrase. 'Beyond that, any more', as in 「それ以上言うな」.
  • Relatedかてて加えてかててくわえてWrittenWritten/formal prose idiom. 'On top of that, worse still', typically adding something bad.
  • Related加えてくわえてWrittenWritten/formal prose conjunction. 'In addition', used to add reasons or points.
  • Relatedなお一層なおいっそうWrittenWritten/formal prose. 'Even more, still more'; stronger than 「一層」 alone.

In writing, use 「尚」 for 'still', 'more', or to add a point, as in 「尚、詳細は後日」. In everyday speech, 'not yet' is 「まだ」 and 'more' is 「もっと」 or 「更に」; for 'still to this day' say 「未だに」, or the more written 「今なお」; for 'on top of that', 「その上」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. やはり。まだ。相変あいかわらず。
  2. さらに。ますます。
  3. でさえも。でも。
  4. ちょうど。あたかも。
English equivalents

JLPT vocabulary levels are community estimates, not official (no official lists have been published since the 2010 revision).

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