How to say "supply" in Japanese

• 供給きょうきゅうJLPT N3approx.Common
  noun, suru verb, transitive verbThe noun for the act of supplying goods, resources, or services to meet demand, at home in economic and industrial contexts such as the supply of electricity, water, or raw materials.
  水みずは外側そとがわから供給きょうきゅうされた。↗

  Water was supplied from outside.
• 調達ちょうたつCommon
  noun, suru verb, transitive verbProcurement: obtaining or raising the supplies, materials, or funds one needs, from the standpoint of the side doing the acquiring rather than the side providing them.
  戦争せんそうの資金しきんを調達ちょうたつするために公債こうさいが発行はっこうされた。↗

  Bonds were issued to finance a war.
• 補給ほきゅうJLPT N1approx.Common
  noun, suru verb, transitive verbSupplying or replenishing something that is being consumed, keeping stocks up; typical of logistics, where fuel, food, or other provisions are delivered to a front line or expedition.
  この薬くすりは活力かつりょくを補給ほきゅうしてくれます。↗

  This medicine renews your strength.
• まかなうJLPT N1approx.Common
  godan verb, transitive verbA verb for meeting a need by providing or paying for what it takes: supplying food, goods, or money, and very often covering or financing costs.
  彼かれのプロジェクトは助成金じょせいきんでまかなわれていた。↗

  His project was funded by grants.
• サプライCommon
  nounThe loanword, but as a standalone rendering of 'supply' it is marginal: it mainly turns up inside business and technical loan terms, so the native words are what you want in ordinary sentences.

Use 供給 for providing goods or resources, 調達 for procuring or raising them, 補給 for replenishing what is used up, 「まかなう」 as the verb for covering needs or costs, and 「サプライ」 only in loanword contexts.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

• 供給きょうきゅうsupply
• 調達ちょうたつsupply
• 補給ほきゅうsupply
• まかなうto supply (goods, money, etc.)
• サプライsupply
• 支給しきゅうprovision
• 納付のうふpayment
• 出回りでまわりsupply (of a commodity)
• 貢ぐみつぐto support (someone) financially
• 兵站へいたんlogistics
• 買い置きかいおきstock (of goods)
• 給するきゅうするto provide
• 供するきょうするto offer
• 供すきょうすto offer
• 満たすみたすto fill (e.g. a cup)
• 納入のうにゅうsupply (of goods)
• 給与きゅうよallowance
• 与えるあたえるto provide
• 差し入れるさしいれるto deliver (food, refreshments, etc. to workers)
• 整えるととのえるto get ready
• あてがうto give
• 引くひくto lay on (electricity, gas, etc.)
• 収めるおさめるto pay (fees, taxes, etc.)