発行|はっこうhakkou[0]heiban (flat)
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Definitions
- noun, suru verb, transitive verbpublication (of a newspaper, magazine, book, etc.); issue
- noun, suru verb, transitive verbissue (of banknotes, bonds, passport, etc.)
- noun, suru verb, transitive verb, computingraising (an event)
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 発行する（はっこうする） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 発行します（はっこうします） |
| Negative (nai) | 発行しない（はっこうしない） |
| polite (masen) | 発行しません（はっこうしません） |
| classical zu / nu | 発行せず・発行せぬ（はっこうせず・はっこうせぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 発行した（はっこうした） |
| polite (mashita) | 発行しました（はっこうしました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 発行しなかった（はっこうしなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 発行しませんでした（はっこうしませんでした） |
| Te form | 発行して（はっこうして） |
| Potential | 発行できる（はっこうできる） |
| Passive | 発行される（はっこうされる） |
| Causative | 発行させる（はっこうさせる） |
| Causative passive | 発行させられる（はっこうさせられる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 発行すれば（はっこうすれば） |
| tara | 発行したら（はっこうしたら） |
| Volitional | 発行しよう（はっこうしよう） |
| polite (mashou) | 発行しましょう（はっこうしましょう） |
| Imperative | 発行しろ（はっこうしろ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym出版しゅっぱんNeutralNeutral word for reproducing and releasing documents or pictures, mostly books and magazines; 「発行」 also covers currency, certificates and tickets.
- Synonym刊行かんこうWrittenWritten: publishing books or periodicals, common in bibliographies and academic writing, as in 「全集を刊行する」; 「発行」 also covers currency and certificates.
- Synonym発刊はっかんWrittenWritten: publishing books or launching a new periodical, as in 「新雑誌の発刊」; stresses the start of publication, while 「発行」 is not limited to print.
- SynonymリリースNeutralNeutral loanword for launching new products, software or records, or issuing press releases; common in business and IT.
- Synonym発券はっけんNeutralNeutral: issuing tickets, and also banknotes, as in 「発券機」 or 「銀行券の発券」; 「発行」 has a much wider range.
- Synonym発給はっきゅうWrittenWritten: a government or public office issuing documents such as passports or visas on application; 「発行」 is not restricted to official bodies or papers.
- Synonym公刊こうかんWrittenWritten and rare: publishing a work openly for the general public to read. 「出版」 or 「刊行」 is the usual word.
- Synonym上梓じょうしWrittenElegant written word for seeing a work into print; used of one's own or another's writings. 「発行」 also covers currency and certificates.
- Synonym印行いんこうWrittenWritten and rare: printing and issuing books; 「発行」 also covers currency and certificates.
- Synonym版行はんこうWrittenWritten and now very rare: printing and publishing books; can also mean a seal or stamp. Say 「出版」 or 「発行」 in everyday use.
- Related発兌はつだWrittenArchaic: printing and putting out books or newspapers; hardly used today. In daily language 「発行」 or 「出版」 is the normal choice.
- Related開板かいはんWrittenWritten and rare today: publishing books by woodblock printing. 「発行」 applies whatever the printing method.
- Related上木じょうぼくWrittenArchaic and elegant: carving blocks to publish a work; a synonym of 「上梓」, now rarely used. Say 「出版」 in everyday contexts.
- Related書き著すかきあらわすWrittenWritten: centers on writing a work rather than issuing it; 「発行」 stresses printing something and putting it out.
- Antonym廃刊はいかんWrittenWritten: a newspaper or other periodical ceasing publication and being discontinued — the opposite of 「発行」.
「発行」 covers publishing newspapers, magazines and books and issuing banknotes, certificates and tickets. For books, 「出版」 and 「刊行」 are standard; 「発刊」 stresses starting a publication. Use 「発券」 for tickets and banknotes, 「発給」 for passports and visas, 「リリース」 for new products. The other written words are rare or archaic; 書き著す stresses the writing itself; 「廃刊」 is the opposite of 「発行」.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also
