How to say "trash" in Japanese

• ゴミJLPT N4approx.Common
  nounThe everyday word for trash as household garbage: kitchen scraps, wrappers, things you throw away. This is the word you want for taking out the trash or for litter on the street.
  彼女かのじょは玄関げんかんのごみをはいた。↗

  She swept the dirt from the porch.
• ガラクタCommon
  nounCovers 'trash' as junk: old, broken, or worthless articles lying around, not kitchen or household garbage. Typical context: clearing out a closet or storeroom full of useless stuff.
  このガラクタは火ひに燃もやしなさい。↗

  Burn this rubbish on the fire.
• 廃物はいぶつCommon
  nounFor 'trash' as waste material or a useless, discarded article; it can also be applied figuratively to a person dismissed as worthless. Not the word for everyday kitchen garbage.
• 廃棄物はいきぶつCommon
  nounThe word for trash as waste matter in official, technical, and environmental contexts — waste disposal, treatment, and regulation. You will meet it in reports and notices rather than everyday talk about garbage.
  第だい二にが周辺しゅうへん環境かんきょうとの親和性しんわせいであり、最小さいしょうの廃棄物はいきぶつ、自然しぜんエネルギーの利用りよう等とう、周辺しゅうへんの生態せいたいと調和ちょうわした住空間じゅうくうかんを形成けいせいすることである。↗

  The second is the affinity with environment. By utilizing natural energy and reducing wastes, we have to make houses which harmonize with ecology.
• 塵ちりCommon
  nounMatches 'trash' as dust, dirt, and fine scattered debris — the small particles you sweep or brush away. For household garbage this is seldom the word you want; ゴミ covers that sense.

Use 「ゴミ」 for everyday household trash, 「ガラクタ」 for worthless junk and clutter, 廃物 for discarded or useless articles, 廃棄物 for waste in official and technical contexts, and 塵 for dust and fine debris.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

• ごみrubbish
• がらくたjunk
• 廃物はいぶつwaste material
• 廃棄物はいきぶつwaste matter
• トラッシュtrash
• ごもくtrash
• ごみくずtrash
• 選り屑えりくずtrash
• 駄物だものtrash
• 屑物くずものtrash
• ゴミカスtrash
• 駄作ださくpoor piece of work
• 芥あくたrubbish
• 塵芥じんかいrubbish
• ボロクソに言うぼろくそにいうto speak disparagingly of
• 塵ちりtrash
• 瓦礫がれきtrash
• うんこcrap