ごみ・塵・芥gomi[0]heiban (flat)

1. nounrubbish; trash; garbage; refuse; litter
   彼女かのじょは玄関げんかんのごみをはいた。↗

   She swept the dirt from the porch.

• SynonymくずNeutralNeutral word for scraps or fragments of useless material, as in 「紙くず」; also a harsh insult for a worthless person. Emphasizes small broken bits more than 「ゴミ」.
• Synonym廃物はいぶつNeutralThings thrown away as useless, as in 「廃物利用」. More written in tone than 「ゴミ」, and leans toward discarded goods and scrap.
• Synonym廃棄物はいきぶつWrittenWritten term for discarded waste, as in 「産業廃棄物」; it shows up most in laws and regulations, and sounds more formal than 「ゴミ」.
• Synonym塵芥じんかいWrittenWritten word for rubbish and refuse, as in 「塵芥処理」; found mostly in administrative documents and seldom heard in everyday speech, where 「ゴミ」 is usual.
• SynonymごもくWrittenA Kansai dialect or archaic word for trash and miscellaneous odds and ends; rarely used today. In daily life, say 「ゴミ」.
• Related瓦礫がれきWrittenWritten word for the debris of collapsed or demolished buildings, as in 「瓦礫の山」; typical of disaster coverage. Not general household trash.
• RelatedガラクタCasualColloquial word for a jumble of useless old odds and ends, as in 「ガラクタを片付ける」.
• Related屑物くずものNeutralScraps and junk, or shoddy, worthless goods. Uncommon; people normally just say 「くず」.
• Related老廃物ろうはいぶつWrittenWritten term for the waste products the body creates through metabolism; common in medical writing. It always means bodily waste, never household rubbish.

For everyday rubbish, 「ゴミ」 is the default. Use 「屑」 for scraps or to call someone scum, 「廃棄物」 in legal contexts, 「廃物」 for discarded useless things, 「ガラクタ」 for cluttered old junk, 「瓦礫」 for building debris, and 「老廃物」 for bodily waste. 「塵芥」 and 「芥」 are written or dated variants.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. 不必要ふひつようになった物もの、用ようが済すんだ物もの
2. 社会的しゃかいてきに不必要ふひつようまたは邪魔じゃまであると考かんがえ、人ひとを見下みさげていう言葉ことば